Ocular Sporotrichosis

The spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Brazil towards the Northeast region

“…In a study with 566 patients with sporotrichosis, only 13 (2.3% of them) had conjunctival lesions [42]. Because ocular manifestations of sporotrichosis are usually caused either by traumatic injury or due to hematogenous dissemination [43], only very few cases of primary granulomatous conjunctivitis have been reported in the literature [36,44,45].…”

The spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Brazil towards the Northeast region

“…In a study with 566 patients with sporotrichosis, only 13 (2.3% of them) had conjunctival lesions [42]. Because ocular manifestations of sporotrichosis are usually caused either by traumatic injury or due to hematogenous dissemination [43], only very few cases of primary granulomatous conjunctivitis have been reported in the literature [36,44,45].…”

Ocular Sporotrichosis with Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: An Impostor with Blinding Sequelae

“…The first case of ocular sporotrichosis was published in 1907. [ 3 ] Since then, various cases of presumed and confirmed ocular sporotrichosis were reported. The majority of the cases occurred in the United States and France, whereas isolated cases came from different continents including Europe, Africa, America, and Asia.…”

“…The majority of the cases occurred in the United States and France, whereas isolated cases came from different continents including Europe, Africa, America, and Asia. [ 3 ] Among ocular manifestations of sporotrichosis are eyelid nodules, conjunctivitis, conjunctival cyst, dacryocystitis, episcleritis, iridocyclitis, Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome, granulomatous bulbar conjunctivitis, granulomatous uveitis, multifocal choroiditis, retinal granuloma, and endophthalmitis. [ 1 – 6 ]…”

“…Potassium iodide was an ancient drug, used successfully in the treatment of both cutaneous and extracutaneous diseases, including ocular sporotrichosis. [ 3 ] Nowadays, oral itraconazole is the preferred first-line drug as it generally has fewer unwanted side effects and is better tolerated. [ 7 ] For granulomatous conjunctivitis that worsens over time despite appropriate antibacterial therapy, fungal etiology must be suspected.…”

“…[ 1 , 2 ] Primary ocular sporotrichosis frequently manifests as granulomatous lesions on the adnexa and palpebral conjunctiva in immunocompetent subjects, whereas secondary disease occurs through hematogenous spread involving the intraocular structures in immunocompromised patients. [ 3 - 5 ] Ocular sporotrichosis is easily misdiagnosed due to its rarity and various presentations. Here, we describe a case of delayed diagnosis of ocular sporotrichosis manifested as severe diffuse granulomatous bulbar and palpebral conjunctivitis, resulting in total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) with profound vision loss.…”

The spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Brazil towards the Northeast region

“…In a study with 566 patients with sporotrichosis, only 13 (2.3% of them) had conjunctival lesions [42]. Because ocular manifestations of sporotrichosis are usually caused either by traumatic injury or due to hematogenous dissemination [43], only very few cases of primary granulomatous conjunctivitis have been reported in the literature [36,44,45].…”

Ocular Sporotrichosis with Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: An Impostor with Blinding Sequelae

“…The first case of ocular sporotrichosis was published in 1907. [ 3 ] Since then, various cases of presumed and confirmed ocular sporotrichosis were reported. The majority of the cases occurred in the United States and France, whereas isolated cases came from different continents including Europe, Africa, America, and Asia.…”

“…The majority of the cases occurred in the United States and France, whereas isolated cases came from different continents including Europe, Africa, America, and Asia. [ 3 ] Among ocular manifestations of sporotrichosis are eyelid nodules, conjunctivitis, conjunctival cyst, dacryocystitis, episcleritis, iridocyclitis, Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome, granulomatous bulbar conjunctivitis, granulomatous uveitis, multifocal choroiditis, retinal granuloma, and endophthalmitis. [ 1 – 6 ]…”

“…Potassium iodide was an ancient drug, used successfully in the treatment of both cutaneous and extracutaneous diseases, including ocular sporotrichosis. [ 3 ] Nowadays, oral itraconazole is the preferred first-line drug as it generally has fewer unwanted side effects and is better tolerated. [ 7 ] For granulomatous conjunctivitis that worsens over time despite appropriate antibacterial therapy, fungal etiology must be suspected.…”

“…[ 1 , 2 ] Primary ocular sporotrichosis frequently manifests as granulomatous lesions on the adnexa and palpebral conjunctiva in immunocompetent subjects, whereas secondary disease occurs through hematogenous spread involving the intraocular structures in immunocompromised patients. [ 3 - 5 ] Ocular sporotrichosis is easily misdiagnosed due to its rarity and various presentations. Here, we describe a case of delayed diagnosis of ocular sporotrichosis manifested as severe diffuse granulomatous bulbar and palpebral conjunctivitis, resulting in total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) with profound vision loss.…”

The spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Brazil towards the Northeast region

“…In a study with 566 patients with sporotrichosis, only 13 (2.3% of them) had conjunctival lesions [42]. Because ocular manifestations of sporotrichosis are usually caused either by traumatic injury or due to hematogenous dissemination [43], only very few cases of primary granulomatous conjunctivitis have been reported in the literature [36,44,45].…”

Ocular Sporotrichosis with Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: An Impostor with Blinding Sequelae

“…The first case of ocular sporotrichosis was published in 1907. [ 3 ] Since then, various cases of presumed and confirmed ocular sporotrichosis were reported. The majority of the cases occurred in the United States and France, whereas isolated cases came from different continents including Europe, Africa, America, and Asia.…”

“…The majority of the cases occurred in the United States and France, whereas isolated cases came from different continents including Europe, Africa, America, and Asia. [ 3 ] Among ocular manifestations of sporotrichosis are eyelid nodules, conjunctivitis, conjunctival cyst, dacryocystitis, episcleritis, iridocyclitis, Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome, granulomatous bulbar conjunctivitis, granulomatous uveitis, multifocal choroiditis, retinal granuloma, and endophthalmitis. [ 1 – 6 ]…”

“…Potassium iodide was an ancient drug, used successfully in the treatment of both cutaneous and extracutaneous diseases, including ocular sporotrichosis. [ 3 ] Nowadays, oral itraconazole is the preferred first-line drug as it generally has fewer unwanted side effects and is better tolerated. [ 7 ] For granulomatous conjunctivitis that worsens over time despite appropriate antibacterial therapy, fungal etiology must be suspected.…”

“…[ 1 , 2 ] Primary ocular sporotrichosis frequently manifests as granulomatous lesions on the adnexa and palpebral conjunctiva in immunocompetent subjects, whereas secondary disease occurs through hematogenous spread involving the intraocular structures in immunocompromised patients. [ 3 - 5 ] Ocular sporotrichosis is easily misdiagnosed due to its rarity and various presentations. Here, we describe a case of delayed diagnosis of ocular sporotrichosis manifested as severe diffuse granulomatous bulbar and palpebral conjunctivitis, resulting in total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) with profound vision loss.…”