Ocular Penetration of Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, and Vancomycin After Subconjunctival Injection in Humans

Streptococcus pneumoniae endophthalmitis: a study of 36 cases with special reference to antibiotic resistance and treatment options

“…A few reports in humans and animals have suggested that clarithromycin and imipenem could also be administered by the intra‐vitreous route [40,41]. Sub‐conjunctival injections of antibiotics have also been recommended, but the intra‐vitreous concentrations of vancomycin, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime achieved after sub‐conjunctival administration have been extremely low when these agents have been administered as prophylaxis before vitrectomy [42]. Sub‐conjunctival cefotaxime has been given to patients scheduled to undergo elective vitreal surgery, but therapeutic levels in the vitreous humour were found only in patients with aphakia or in those who had undergone vitreal surgery previously [43].…”

Streptococcus pneumoniae endophthalmitis: a study of 36 cases with special reference to antibiotic resistance and treatment options

“…A few reports in humans and animals have suggested that clarithromycin and imipenem could also be administered by the intra‐vitreous route [40,41]. Sub‐conjunctival injections of antibiotics have also been recommended, but the intra‐vitreous concentrations of vancomycin, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime achieved after sub‐conjunctival administration have been extremely low when these agents have been administered as prophylaxis before vitrectomy [42]. Sub‐conjunctival cefotaxime has been given to patients scheduled to undergo elective vitreal surgery, but therapeutic levels in the vitreous humour were found only in patients with aphakia or in those who had undergone vitreal surgery previously [43].…”

Clinical Case Notes

“…Ciprofloxacin would be our choice, at a dose of 750 mg b.i.d., due to its excellent ocular penetration, broad spectrum and oral bioavailability allowing outpatient treatment 27−29 . Ceftriaxone as was given in case 3 has poor ocular penetration, and it is unlikely to have been of any use 30 .…”

Antibiotics in irrigation solution for cataract surgery, A laboratory investigation of the pharmacological stability and bacteriological susceptibility

“…A recent report, however, found the routine use of topical antibiotics debatable (Chitkara et al 1994). Antibiotics administered as subconjunctival injections minimize the conjunctival flora, but have a poor penetration into the anterior chamber/vitreous cavity (Barza et al 1993).…”

Streptococcus pneumoniae endophthalmitis: a study of 36 cases with special reference to antibiotic resistance and treatment options

“…A few reports in humans and animals have suggested that clarithromycin and imipenem could also be administered by the intra‐vitreous route [40,41]. Sub‐conjunctival injections of antibiotics have also been recommended, but the intra‐vitreous concentrations of vancomycin, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime achieved after sub‐conjunctival administration have been extremely low when these agents have been administered as prophylaxis before vitrectomy [42]. Sub‐conjunctival cefotaxime has been given to patients scheduled to undergo elective vitreal surgery, but therapeutic levels in the vitreous humour were found only in patients with aphakia or in those who had undergone vitreal surgery previously [43].…”

Clinical Case Notes

“…Ciprofloxacin would be our choice, at a dose of 750 mg b.i.d., due to its excellent ocular penetration, broad spectrum and oral bioavailability allowing outpatient treatment 27−29 . Ceftriaxone as was given in case 3 has poor ocular penetration, and it is unlikely to have been of any use 30 .…”

Antibiotics in irrigation solution for cataract surgery, A laboratory investigation of the pharmacological stability and bacteriological susceptibility

“…A recent report, however, found the routine use of topical antibiotics debatable (Chitkara et al 1994). Antibiotics administered as subconjunctival injections minimize the conjunctival flora, but have a poor penetration into the anterior chamber/vitreous cavity (Barza et al 1993).…”

Streptococcus pneumoniae endophthalmitis: a study of 36 cases with special reference to antibiotic resistance and treatment options

“…A few reports in humans and animals have suggested that clarithromycin and imipenem could also be administered by the intra‐vitreous route [40,41]. Sub‐conjunctival injections of antibiotics have also been recommended, but the intra‐vitreous concentrations of vancomycin, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime achieved after sub‐conjunctival administration have been extremely low when these agents have been administered as prophylaxis before vitrectomy [42]. Sub‐conjunctival cefotaxime has been given to patients scheduled to undergo elective vitreal surgery, but therapeutic levels in the vitreous humour were found only in patients with aphakia or in those who had undergone vitreal surgery previously [43].…”

Clinical Case Notes

“…Ciprofloxacin would be our choice, at a dose of 750 mg b.i.d., due to its excellent ocular penetration, broad spectrum and oral bioavailability allowing outpatient treatment 27−29 . Ceftriaxone as was given in case 3 has poor ocular penetration, and it is unlikely to have been of any use 30 .…”

Antibiotics in irrigation solution for cataract surgery, A laboratory investigation of the pharmacological stability and bacteriological susceptibility

“…A recent report, however, found the routine use of topical antibiotics debatable (Chitkara et al 1994). Antibiotics administered as subconjunctival injections minimize the conjunctival flora, but have a poor penetration into the anterior chamber/vitreous cavity (Barza et al 1993).…”