Ocular Infection Worldwide

Klassen-Fischer, Mary; Neafie, Ronald C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42840-6_3

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is caused by a wide range of micro‐organisms including bacteria, fungi, virus and protozoa . The causative micro‐organisms vary between developed and developing countries, with fungi being more important in the latter . A study performed in Europe compared isolates from infected eyes and showed that most infections were attributable to micro‐organisms usually present in the normal microbiome with a small number attributable to Pseudomonas , Proteus and other micro‐organisms…”

Section: Use Of Contact Lensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbing the balance: effect of contact lens use on the ocular proteome and microbiome

Boost

Cho

Wang

2017

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Contact lens wear is a popular, convenient and effective method for vision correction. In recent years, contact lens practice has expanded to include new paradigms, including orthokeratology; however, their use is not entirely without risk, as the incidence of infection has consistently been reported to be higher in contact lens wearers. The explanations for this increased susceptibility have largely focused on physical damage, especially to the cornea, due to a combination of hypoxia, mechanical trauma, deposits and solution cytotoxicity, as well as poor compliance with care routines leading to introduction of pathogens into the ocular environment. However, in recent years, with the increasing availability and reduced cost of molecular techniques, the ocular environment has received greater attention with in‐depth studies of proteins and other components. Numerous proteins were found to be present in the tears and their functions and interactions indicate that the tears are far more complex than formerly presumed. In addition, the concept of a sterile or limited microbial population on the ocular surface has been challenged by analysis of the microbiome. Ocular microbiome was not considered as one of the key sites for the Human Microbiome Project, as it was thought to be limited compared to other body sites. This was proven to be fallacious, as a wide variety of micro‐organisms were identified in the analyses of human tears. Thus, the ocular environment is now recognised to be more complicated and interference with this ecological balance may lead to adverse effects. The use of contact lenses clearly changes the situation at the ocular surface, which may result in consequences which disturb the balance in the healthy eye.

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Section: Use Of Contact Lensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbing the balance: effect of contact lens use on the ocular proteome and microbiome

Boost

Cho

Wang

2017

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…Waste has been thought to be a breeding ground for sand flies. Reported studies agreed that inadequate dwelling conditions and poor waste management were believed to be suitable for sandfly reproduction [27,28]. When asked about their knowledge of the route of transmission, a large proportion of respondents (74%) did not avoid sandfly-infested locations, whereas 60.6% kept free-range animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Household Preparedness and Risk Factors for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) Using the Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) Method in Pakistan

Numan

Naz

Gilani

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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(1) Background: In endemic areas of Pakistan, local community knowledge and attitudes towards cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are critical elements in the effective control and management of the disease. A cross-sectional epidemiologic design was used to assess the disease concern, preparedness, practices, and preventive behavior of the households and to assist the personnel and health care professionals in strengthening their planning efforts and awareness of CL. (2) Methods: A two-stage cluster sampling process, i.e., Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) was conducted from September 2020 to March 2021 on present household-level information about community needs and health status regarding CL in a cost-effective, timely, and representative manner. (3) Results: In the current study, 67% of the respondents were aware of CL and its causative agent and showed a low level of pandemic preparedness. The majority (74%) of the respondents mentioned that they did not avoid sandfly exposure areas. The majority (84%) of respondents had unsatisfactory behavior towards using bed nets, sprays, or repellents. (4) Conclusion: In endemic areas of Pakistan, the inadequate concern and low preparedness of the local community toward CL are critical aspects in efficient control and management of the disease.

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Ocular Infection Worldwide

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Disturbing the balance: effect of contact lens use on the ocular proteome and microbiome

Disturbing the balance: effect of contact lens use on the ocular proteome and microbiome

Evaluation of Household Preparedness and Risk Factors for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) Using the Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) Method in Pakistan

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