Ocular contact time of a carbomer gel (GelTears) in humans

Wilson, Clive G.; Zhu, Ya Ping; Frier, M.; Rao, Lakshmana; Gilchrist, Peter J.; Perkins, Alan C.

doi:10.1136/bjo.82.10.1131

Cited by 68 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…2) However, the rapid turnover of lacrimal fluid and extensive nasolacrimal drainage 3) along with eyes blinking reflex rapidly eliminate the administrated eye drops. 4,5) This causes short pre-corneal residence time, which limits effective transcorneal drug absorption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Niosomal Hydrogel as an Ocular Delivery System for Atenolol

Hashim

El-Dahan

Yusif

et al. 2014

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Niosomes have been reported as possible approach to improve the low corneal penetration and bioavailability characteristics for many drugs. The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize an effective ocular niosomal hydrogel containing 0.5% (w/v) atenolol which is β1 adrenoceptor blocker for treatment of glaucoma. Thin film hydration method was used for the preparation of niosomes using Span 60 and cholesterol at different molar ratios. Niosomes were characterized using laser diffraction particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that higher entrapment efficiency (80.7% 1.2) was obtained from niosomes prepared using Span 60/cholesterol at a 2 : 1 molar ratio. Stability study revealed that a fairly high retention of atenolol inside vesicles (83.1% 2.35) up to a period of 3 months at 4°C. It was found that niosomal hydrogel formulation using carbopol 934P significantly exhibited sustained in vitro release of the drug compared with free drug solution and other polymeric hydrogels. The intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering activity of selected atenolol formulations was determined and compared with that of atenolol solution. It is worth noting that niosomal hydrogel formulation was found to show the most significant prolonged decrease in IOP, suggesting that niosomal hydrogel could be a promising delivery system for atenolol.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Niosomal Hydrogel as an Ocular Delivery System for Atenolol

Hashim

El-Dahan

Yusif

et al. 2014

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…16 C-57BL/6 mice were equally divided into five groups i) control; ii) ERL; iii) ERL plus control vehicle; iv) ERL plus PES_103 0.1%; v) ERL plus commercially available artificial tears (Carbopol974 -Trade Name SiccaFluid ® ) [31,32]. The eyes of each group were selected so as to avoid both eyes of a mouse being assigned to the same treatment group, with the only exception of the control group.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Soluble Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9 Inhibitor for Potential Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome

Mori

Lorenzo

Torre

et al. 2012

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Dry eye syndrome (DES) or keratoconjunctivitis sicca is an eye disease caused by the chronic lack of lubrication and moisture of the eye. The pathogenesis of DES involves the over-expression and over-activity of corneal Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). We propose herein a new, non-symptomatic approach for the treatment of DES based on the inhibition of MMP-9 by a new highly soluble molecule, designed as PES_103 that has been shown to inhibit MMP-9 both in vitro and in vivo. The efficacy of PES_103 in vivo and the potential benefits of this treatment in restoring tear production were studied in this work using an animal model of reduced lacrimation. PES_103 did not show any significant corneal toxicity.Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc containing hydrolases with a broad proteolytic specificity and large structural similarity [1]. These enzymes are involved in the degradation of several extracellular proteins including extracellular matrix components (ECM) and play a crucial role in tissue remodelling and in the regulation of different cellular activities [2]. An aberrant MMPs activity often promotes an excessive degradation of the ECM and could be responsible for the genesis of diseases such as inflammation, angiogenesis and cancer [3]. Recently, relevant ocular disorders such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy and dry eye syndrome (DES), or keratoconjunctivis sicca, have been associated with a significant increase in the concentration and activity of MMPs in the tear fluid [4-6]. In particular, DES has been associated with the over-expression and increased activity of corneal Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9 or Gelatinase B) [7], which has been shown to be both a marker and a promoter of eye dryness [8]. According to the work of Pflugfelder et al. [9], MMP-9 knockout mice do not develop DES, whereas the topical administration of active MMP-9 to such mice significantly increased corneal epithelial permeability.The 2007 Report of the Dry Eye WorkShop (DEWS) defined dry eye as an eye disease that results mostly in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability, with potential damage to the ocular surface that affects about 20% of the American population and 75% of the over-65-year population [10,11]. DES can be caused by a decrease in tear production or an increase in tear film evaporation, hence being represented by reduced lacrimation models. Persistent dryness, burning and a sandy-gritty eye irritation are the most common symptoms associated with DES and, in general, get worse as the day goes on [12]. Generally, both eyes are affected by DES and the physical damage occurs mainly at the corneal level. The aetiology of this syndrome is manifold, from the normal ageing process, to the effects of different drugs [13], to climatic factors together with daily routines and working-related features, such as standing in front of a computer screen, the use of air conditioning or of contact lenses [14,15]. DES is even a symptom of many systemic diseases. In particu...

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“…Carbomer is a water-soluble polymeric resin with a relative molecular weight of 4×10 6 . It was reported that polyacrylic acid gel maintained the tear film in contact with the eye for an extended period [12,13] . As shown in this study, the precorneal residence time of carbomer gel was significantly longer than that of 1% CMC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbomer (polyacrylic acid) is a water-soluble polymeric resin that has been reported to maintain the tear film in contact with the eye for an extended period [12,13] . In our previous work, we prepared a carbomer based gel.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative assessment of the efficacy of carbomer gel and carboxymethyl cellulose containing artificial tears in dry eyes

Xiao

Chen

et al. 2008

J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. [Med. Sci.]

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The present study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of a 0.4% carbomer gel and 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) containing artificial tears in treatment of dry eye patients. Sixty subjects with mean age of 45.89 years who had symptoms and signs of dry eye were enrolled in this prospective, investigator-masked and stratified random sampling study. The subjects were divided into two parallel groups with 30 subjects (60 eyes) in each group. One group received carbomer gel, and the other group received 1% CMC containing artificial tears. Subjects received the drops 3 to 4 times or more per day for 3 months. At the first visit time, the precorneal residence time of these two drops was measured. The efficacy was assessed by comparing the subjective symptoms (ocular dryness, foreign body sensation, burning sensation and pain), and the objective test results of tears breakup time, Schirmer's test and corneal fluorescein staining prior to the study and after the treatment. As a result, the ocular residence time of carbomer gel was significantly longer than that of 1% CMC (P<0.001). Most of the primary subjective symptoms and objective test results were improved after treatment in both carbomer gel group and 1% CMC group. As to the improvement of each symptom and objective test result, carbomer gel was more effective than 1% CMC group (P<0.01). In conclusion, carbomer gel had longer precorneal residence time and was more effective than 1% CMC in the treatment of patients with dry eyes.

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Ocular contact time of a carbomer gel (GelTears) in humans

Cited by 68 publications

References 3 publications

Potential Use of Niosomal Hydrogel as an Ocular Delivery System for Atenolol

Potential Use of Niosomal Hydrogel as an Ocular Delivery System for Atenolol

A Highly Soluble Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9 Inhibitor for Potential Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome

A comparative assessment of the efficacy of carbomer gel and carboxymethyl cellulose containing artificial tears in dry eyes

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