“…Besides that, the transparency window of TiO 2 from ultraviolet towards near-infrared bands make it a fascinating candidate for various applications like photocatalysis [15], solar cells [16] and pulse fiber laser technology [17], [18], [19], [20]. Previous works reported that TiO 2 had large modulation depth up to 34% [20] and two-photon absorption-free in near-infrared region [14], which allows it to maintain the fundamental mode-locking over wide pump power ranges [17]. Despite the successful attempts of TiO 2 as light absorbing material for pulse generation [17], [18], [19], [20], the achieved pulse durations within micro-to pico-seconds are still lagged behind other existing materials [21], [22], [23].…”