Ochratoxin a: Its Cancer Risk and Potential for Exposure

Ochratoxin A is not detectable in renal and testicular tumours

“…4,9 Human studies have also indicated a higher incidence of EBN in areas where high human OTA food contamination exists. 3 Renal functional and structural changes detected in EBN were similar to porcine induced OTA toxicity. 13 In addition, when compared to controls with no urinary disorders, increased OTA serum levels were detected in UC and renal cancer patients living in Bulgaria 14 and Egypt.…”

“…3,4,9,12 This increase proportionately correlated with study duration 12 and dose of OTA intake. 4,9 Human studies have also indicated a higher incidence of EBN in areas where high human OTA food contamination exists.…”

“…The highest reported OTA serum levels ranged from 35 to 100 ng/mL. 3 In contrast, 2 studies from Pakistan 24 and Germany 25 did not detect any differences in OTA serum concentration among patients with or without urinary disorders. The mean reported blood OTA for both groups was 0.3 ng/mL in the former study and 0.4 ng/mL in the latter.…”

Ochratoxin A is not detectable in renal and testicular tumours

“…4,9 Human studies have also indicated a higher incidence of EBN in areas where high human OTA food contamination exists. 3 Renal functional and structural changes detected in EBN were similar to porcine induced OTA toxicity. 13 In addition, when compared to controls with no urinary disorders, increased OTA serum levels were detected in UC and renal cancer patients living in Bulgaria 14 and Egypt.…”

“…3,4,9,12 This increase proportionately correlated with study duration 12 and dose of OTA intake. 4,9 Human studies have also indicated a higher incidence of EBN in areas where high human OTA food contamination exists.…”

“…The highest reported OTA serum levels ranged from 35 to 100 ng/mL. 3 In contrast, 2 studies from Pakistan 24 and Germany 25 did not detect any differences in OTA serum concentration among patients with or without urinary disorders. The mean reported blood OTA for both groups was 0.3 ng/mL in the former study and 0.4 ng/mL in the latter.…”

Fungal metabolite Ochratoxin A inhibits MrkD1P of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: Integrated computational and in vitro validation

“…This duality action of both toxicological and antimicrobial makes ochratoxin A, a molecule of particular interest. Although classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) [ 65 ], recent efforts have focused on characterizing the thresholds at which it may confer antibacterial effects without inducing toxicity. Chronic exposure to ochratoxin A has been linked to renal fibrosis, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and increased cancer risk [ 65 ].…”

“…Although classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) [ 65 ], recent efforts have focused on characterizing the thresholds at which it may confer antibacterial effects without inducing toxicity. Chronic exposure to ochratoxin A has been linked to renal fibrosis, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and increased cancer risk [ 65 ]. Nonetheless, given the escalating global burden of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae infections, exploring non-traditional antimicrobial candidates, including fungal secondary metabolites, is of high relevance.…”

Ochratoxin A is not detectable in renal and testicular tumours

“…4,9 Human studies have also indicated a higher incidence of EBN in areas where high human OTA food contamination exists. 3 Renal functional and structural changes detected in EBN were similar to porcine induced OTA toxicity. 13 In addition, when compared to controls with no urinary disorders, increased OTA serum levels were detected in UC and renal cancer patients living in Bulgaria 14 and Egypt.…”

“…3,4,9,12 This increase proportionately correlated with study duration 12 and dose of OTA intake. 4,9 Human studies have also indicated a higher incidence of EBN in areas where high human OTA food contamination exists.…”

“…The highest reported OTA serum levels ranged from 35 to 100 ng/mL. 3 In contrast, 2 studies from Pakistan 24 and Germany 25 did not detect any differences in OTA serum concentration among patients with or without urinary disorders. The mean reported blood OTA for both groups was 0.3 ng/mL in the former study and 0.4 ng/mL in the latter.…”

Fungal metabolite Ochratoxin A inhibits MrkD1P of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: Integrated computational and in vitro validation

“…This duality action of both toxicological and antimicrobial makes ochratoxin A, a molecule of particular interest. Although classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) [ 65 ], recent efforts have focused on characterizing the thresholds at which it may confer antibacterial effects without inducing toxicity. Chronic exposure to ochratoxin A has been linked to renal fibrosis, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and increased cancer risk [ 65 ].…”

“…Although classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) [ 65 ], recent efforts have focused on characterizing the thresholds at which it may confer antibacterial effects without inducing toxicity. Chronic exposure to ochratoxin A has been linked to renal fibrosis, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and increased cancer risk [ 65 ]. Nonetheless, given the escalating global burden of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae infections, exploring non-traditional antimicrobial candidates, including fungal secondary metabolites, is of high relevance.…”

Ochratoxin A is not detectable in renal and testicular tumours

“…4,9 Human studies have also indicated a higher incidence of EBN in areas where high human OTA food contamination exists. 3 Renal functional and structural changes detected in EBN were similar to porcine induced OTA toxicity. 13 In addition, when compared to controls with no urinary disorders, increased OTA serum levels were detected in UC and renal cancer patients living in Bulgaria 14 and Egypt.…”

“…3,4,9,12 This increase proportionately correlated with study duration 12 and dose of OTA intake. 4,9 Human studies have also indicated a higher incidence of EBN in areas where high human OTA food contamination exists.…”

“…The highest reported OTA serum levels ranged from 35 to 100 ng/mL. 3 In contrast, 2 studies from Pakistan 24 and Germany 25 did not detect any differences in OTA serum concentration among patients with or without urinary disorders. The mean reported blood OTA for both groups was 0.3 ng/mL in the former study and 0.4 ng/mL in the latter.…”

Fungal metabolite Ochratoxin A inhibits MrkD1P of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: Integrated computational and in vitro validation

“…This duality action of both toxicological and antimicrobial makes ochratoxin A, a molecule of particular interest. Although classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) [ 65 ], recent efforts have focused on characterizing the thresholds at which it may confer antibacterial effects without inducing toxicity. Chronic exposure to ochratoxin A has been linked to renal fibrosis, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and increased cancer risk [ 65 ].…”

“…Although classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) [ 65 ], recent efforts have focused on characterizing the thresholds at which it may confer antibacterial effects without inducing toxicity. Chronic exposure to ochratoxin A has been linked to renal fibrosis, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and increased cancer risk [ 65 ]. Nonetheless, given the escalating global burden of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae infections, exploring non-traditional antimicrobial candidates, including fungal secondary metabolites, is of high relevance.…”