Occurrence, quantification, pulse types, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella sp. isolated from chicken meat in the state of Paraná, Brazil

Abstract

The aim of this work was to verify the occurrence, quantification, pulse types, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Salmonella sp. isolated from chicken meat produced and marketed in the state of Paraná, considered to be the state with the highest production of poultry meat in Brazil. Ninety-five of 300 (31.5%) frozen cuts of chicken were found to contain Salmonella sp., and 98 different isolates of Salmonella sp. were cultured from the positive samples. Quantification showed low Salmonella sp. loading, ranging from 0.12 to 6.4 MPN/g. The antimicrobial resistance test was performed against 16 agents from 6 different classes. All isolates were sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, chloramphenicol, and amikacin. The highest resistance rates were observed for nalidixic acid (95%), tetracycline (94%), doxycycline (94%), ampicillin (87%), amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (84%), ceftriaxone (79%), and ciprofloxacin (76%). A total of 84 (85.7%) of the isolates were identified with a multidrug resistant profile, 13 of which were found to have encoding genes extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), especially bla CTX-M-2 e bla TEM-1. The major serovars identified were S. Typhimurium (43%) and S. Heidelberg (39%). The third most isolated serovar was S. Ndolo (6%), without previous reports of its presence in poultry meat in Brazil. Molecular characterization of S. Typhimurium and S. Heidelberg isolates by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed a clonal relationship between all isolates of the same serovar (genetic similarity greater than 80%). Isolates of S. Typhimurium and S. Heidelberg with 100% similarity were found in up to five different geographic regions of the state, showing the potential for the spread of this pathogen in the Paraná poultry chain. Epidemiological surveys like this are important to understand the dynamics of dissemination and to monitor the prevalence of pathogens in the final products of poultry chains. In addition, to know the resistance profile of strains of Salmonella sp. present in food that contributes to the adoption of faster and more effective therapeutic measures, when necessary. Keywords bla CTX-M-2. bla TEM-1. PFGE. Sequencing. Salmonella Ndolo. mMPN

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Broiler Farms at the Tolima Region—Colombia

“…Paratyphi B isolated from poultry products in Colombia [ 14 , 43 ] have remarkable antibiotic resistance, and 22/24 Salmonella Paratyphi B isolates in this study were resistant to three antibiotic classes, penicillins (ampicillin), aminoglycosides (streptomycin), and cephalosporins (ceftriaxone and ceftazidime), that may have an impact in the treatments of human infections [ 44 ]. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance constitutes a global trend and international food trading restrictions could be pressuring drivers to promote control of Salmonella in Colombia [ 33 , 45 , 46 ]. In the Netherlands and Germany, this variant was reported in isolates from poultry which showed multidrug-resistance (MDR), causing the disease in humans [ 32 , 47 ].…”

Molecular Characterization and Survive Abilities of Salmonella Heidelberg Strains of Poultry Origin in Brazil

“…The four identified resistomes (Table 1) revealed a high level of resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin and/or ceftriaxone. Although the bla CTX−M gene is reported with a higher incidence of Salmonella in poultry products (Moura et al, 2018;Perin et al, 2020), our study shows that its frequency was low (2/20-10%) and corroborates with recent studies carried out with samples Brazilian samples (van den Berg et al, 2019;Souza et al, 2020). Gram-negative ESBL-producing and hyper-producing AmpC bacteria have also stood out for their resistance to carbapenems, such as meropenem, identified in 20% (4/20) of our strains, when associated with other mechanisms, such as hyper expressed efflux systems (Andrade and Darini, 2017).…”

Antimicrobial Resistance in Farm Animals in Brazil: An Update Overview

“…More than 80% of the isolates were MDR, of which 13 isolates encoded beta-lactamase genes, especially bla CTX-M-2 e bla TEM-1 . The major serotypes identified were Salmonella Typhimurium (43%) and S. Heidelberg (39%) [55].…”