Occurrence of gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: study of sources and ambient temperature effect on the gas/particle concentration and distribution

Tsapakis, Manolis; Stephanou, Euripides G.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2004.05.012

Cited by 248 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…However, total 14 PAH concentrations measured at all sites in this study are significantly higher than those reported by Mandalakis et al [26] for urban Athens. The PAH levels measured at suburban site in this study are similar to those reported by Bozlaker et al [5] for an industrial site in Izmir, by Tsapakis and Stephanou [27] for urban Heraklion, by Ohura et al [28] for industrial sites in Fuji and Shimizu, and by Dachs et al [29] for urban/industrial Baltimore. The PAH levels at the urban site determined in this study are comparable to those reported by Possanzini et al [30] for downtown Rome and by Halsall et al [31] for urban sites in London and Manchester.…”

Section: Ambient Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 89%

Particle-phase dry deposition and air–soil gas exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Izmir, Turkey

Demircioglu

Sofuoğlu

Odabaşı

2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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a b s t r a c tAmbient air and dry deposition samples were collected at suburban and urban sites in Izmir, Turkey. Atmospheric total (particle + gas) 14 PAHs concentrations were 36 ± 39 and 144 ± 163 ng m −3 for suburban and urban sites, respectively. Phenanthrene was the most abundant compound at all sites, and all samples were dominated by low molecular weight PAHs. Average particulate 14 PAH dry deposition fluxes were 8160 ± 5024 and 4286 ± 2782 ng m −2 day −1 and overall average particulate dry deposition velocities were 1.5 ± 2.4 and 1.0 ± 2.3 cm s −1 for suburban and urban sites, respectively. Soil samples were collected at suburban site. Average soil concentration for 14 PAH was 55.9 ± 14.4 ng g −1 dry weight. Calculated gas-phase air-soil exchange fluxes indicated that fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and carbazole were deposited to soil in winter while they were volatilized in summer. Other compounds (fluoranthene-benzo[g,h,i]perylene) were deposited to soil in both periods. Annual average fluxes of PAHs representing soil to air (i.e., gas volatilization) and air to soil transfer (i.e., gas absorption, dry deposition, and wet deposition) processes were also compared. All processes were comparable for 14 PAHs however their input was dominated by gas absorption. Gas absorption dominated for lower molecular weight PAHs, however dry deposition dominated for higher molecular weight PAHs. The results have suggested that for fluorene, soil and air may be approaching a steady state condition. For the remaining compounds, there was a net accumulation into the soil.

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Section: Ambient Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 89%

Particle-phase dry deposition and air–soil gas exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Izmir, Turkey

Demircioglu

Sofuoğlu

Odabaşı

2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…It is worth stressing that PAHs have complicated emission sources and thus numerous studies focused on characterization of source profiles and source apportionment by using field measurement of particulate PAHs collected from network monitoring stations around the world (Okuda et al, 2002;Yang et al, 2002;Tsapakis and Stephanou, 2005;Pongpiachan, 2006;Wan et al, 2006;Vasconcellos et al, 2010;Oanh et al, 2011;Rajput et al, 2011;Riva et al, 2011). In spite of innumerable publications in the field regarding the diurnal and seasonal variation of PAHs, its vertical distribution in tropical aerosols are still unclear, in particular in Southeast Asian countries where air pollution is a daily concern.…”

Section: Vertical Distribution and Potential Risk Of Particulate Polymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Distribution and Potential Risk of Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in High Buildings of Bangkok, Thailand

Pongpiachan¹

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Atmospheric levels of PAHs have been widely measured around the world [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Despite their environmental relevance, only a few studies have been conducted in Turkey on the atmospheric PAH levels [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Concentrations and Phase Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Izmir, Turkey

Demircioglu

Sofuoğlu

Odabaşı

2011

Clean Soil Air Water

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Ambient air polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) samples were collected at a suburban (n ¼ 63) and at an urban site (n ¼ 14) in Izmir, Turkey. Average gas-phase total PAH ( P 14 PAH) concentrations were 23.5 ng m À3 for suburban and 109.7 ng m À3 for urban sites while average particle-phase total PAH concentrations were 12.3 and 34.5 ng m À3 for suburban and urban sites, respectively. Higher ambient PAH concentrations were measured in the gas-phase and P 14 PAH concentrations were dominated by lower molecular weight PAHs. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the meteorological parameters were effective on ambient PAH concentrations. Emission sources of particle-phase PAHs were investigated using a diagnostic plot of fluorene (FLN)/ (fluorine þ pyrene; PY) versus indeno[1,2,3-cd]PY/(indeno[1,2,3-cd]PY þ benzo[g,h,i]perylene) and several diagnostic ratios. These approaches have indicated that traffic emissions (petroleum combustion) were the dominant PAH sources at both sites for summer and winter seasons. Experimental gas-particle partition coefficients (K P ) were compared to the predictions of octanol-air (K OA ) and soot-air (K SA ) partition coefficient models. The correlations between experimental and modeled K P values were significant (r 2 ¼ 0.79 and 0.94 for suburban and urban sites, respectively, p < 0.01). Octanol-based absorptive partitioning model predicted lower partition coefficients especially for relatively volatile PAHs. However, overall there was a relatively good agreement between the measured K P and soot-based model predictions.

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Occurrence of gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: study of sources and ambient temperature effect on the gas/particle concentration and distribution

Cited by 248 publications

References 52 publications

Particle-phase dry deposition and air–soil gas exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Izmir, Turkey

Particle-phase dry deposition and air–soil gas exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Izmir, Turkey

Vertical Distribution and Potential Risk of Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in High Buildings of Bangkok, Thailand

Atmospheric Concentrations and Phase Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Izmir, Turkey

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