Occurrence and risk factors associated to Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Cosendey-KezenLeite, Rachel Ingrid Juliboni; Oliveira, Francisco Carlos Rodrigues de; Frazão-Teixeira, Edwards; Dubey, J. P.; Souza, Guilherme Nunes de; Ferreira, Ana Maria Reis; Lilenbaum, Walter

doi:10.1007/s11250-014-0667-5

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In agreement with many other research groups (Cosendey-KezenLeite et al, 2014;Cenci-Coga et al, 2013;García-Bocanegra et al, 2013;Tzanidakis et al, 2012), our analysis did not show any effect of the presence of cats in the farm or grazing area and serological prevalence in the sheep. This is, however, a contended issue reported by several authors (Mainar et al, 1996;Skjerve et al, 1998;Vesco et al, 2007;Romanelli et al, 2007;Andrade et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Mapping, cluster detection and evaluation of risk factors of ovine toxoplasmosis in Southern Italy

et al. 2016

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Toxoplasmosis, an important cause of reproductive failure in sheep, is responsible for significant economic losses to the ovine industry worldwide. Moreover, ovine meat contaminated by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii is considered as a common source of infection for humans. The aim of this study was to develop point and risk profiling maps of T. gondii seroprevalence in sheep bred in Campania Region (Southern Italy) and analyse risk factors associated at the flock-level. We used serological data from a previous survey of 117 sheep flocks, while environmental and farm management information were obtained from an analysis based on geographical information systems and a questionnaire purveyance, respectively. An univariate Poisson regression model revealed that the type of farm production (milk and meat vs only meat) was the only independent variable associated with T. gondii positivity (P<0.02); the higher within-flock seroprevalence in milking herds suggests that milking practices might influence the spread of the infection on the farm. Neither environmental nor other management variables were significant. Since a majority of flocks were seasonally or permanently on pasture, the animals have a high exposure to infectious T. gondii oocysts, so the high within-flock seroprevalence might derive from this management factor. However, further studies are needed to better assess the actual epidemiological situation of toxoplasmosis in sheep and to clarify the factors that influence its presence and distribution.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Mapping, cluster detection and evaluation of risk factors of ovine toxoplasmosis in Southern Italy

et al. 2016

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“…At present, a seroprevalence of 52.4% was accounted for ewes at various farms of Egypt (Table 2). It was parallel to different countries for example in Sudan (57.5%) Brazil (53.3%) as revealed by Khalil and Elrayah (2011) and Cosendey-KezenLeite et al (2014), however higher than that of Saudia Arabia (23.4%) (Sanad and Al-Ghabban 2007), Kuwait (17.8%) (Alazemi 2014), Tunisia (1.8%) (Gharbi et al 2013) Kareshk et al 2017). However, our outcomes were lower than that of Mor and Arslan (2007) in Turkey (95.7%), Bangladesh (69.9%) (Rahman et al (Anastasia et al 2013) and Italy (60.6%) (Mancianti et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Seroprevalence, isolation, molecular detection and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii from small ruminants in Egypt

et al. 2018

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Toxoplasmosis is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Detection of T. gondii infection with touchy and particular strategies is a key advance to control and prevent toxoplasmosis. Genotyping can explain the virulence, epidemiology and setting up new methodologies for diagnosis and control in human and animals. The point of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep and goat in Egypt and to comprehend the genetic variety of T. gondii isolates circling in Egypt. Blood samples were gathered from 113 ewes and 95 she-goats from three Egyptian governorates (Cairo, Giza and Al-Sharkia). Also blood and tissue samples were gathered from 193 sheep and 51 goats from Cairo and Giza abattoirs. All samples were assayed serologically utilizing ELISA and OnSite Toxo IgG/IgM Rapid test cassettes (OTRT) tests and the tissue samples of the seropositive animals were digested and microscopically examined then bio-assayed in mice as viability test. All the T. gondii isolates undergo molecular identification using PCR and genotyped utilizing nPCR/RFLP analysis of SAG2 gene. The total seropositivity of live sheep and goat was 47.15 and 39.2% utilizing ELISA and OTRT respectively. Concerning abattoirs, seropositivity, positive microscopic examination, mice viability from sheep samples were 47.1%, 37.3% and 44.1% respectively while that of goats were 45.5%, 33.3% and 48.6% respectively. Eighteen T. gondii isolates were affirmed utilizing PCR. Genotyping confirmed 10 isolates (55.5%) as type II, 6 (33.3%) as type III and 2 (11.1%) as atypical genotypes. Type II and III are the genotypes mostly circling among small ruminants in Egypt and this is most significance for the public health in Egypt.

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“…Clinical toxoplasmosis and fatal cases of the disease have been reported in New World monkeys [ 16 ], squirrels, New World porcupines [ 17 ], pigs [ 18 ], birds [ 19 – 22 ] and marine mammals [ 23 – 25 ]. Taking into account only recent studies using the same serological test (modified agglutination test) in animal samples from the Brazilian environment, it is possible to observe that, regardless of their habitats, several animal species have a high prevalence of T. gondii antibodies: up to 87% (55/63) of domestic cats [ 26 ] (Table 1 ), 86% (99/115) of pigs [ 27 ], 53.3% (202/379) of sheep [ 28 ], 75% (48/64) of capybaras [ 29 ], 60% (10/18; 60/37) of pacas [ 30 , 31 ], 85.3% (99/116) of non-human primates [ 32 ], 79.7% (157/197) of cattle egrets [ 33 ] and 86.3% (82/96) of Amazon river dolphins [ 34 ]. These data, in addition to those concerning the high prevalence in the Brazilian human population, suggest that the country has a high environmental contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii survey in cats from two environments of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by Modified Agglutination Test on sera and filter-paper

et al. 2017

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Background Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan with a worldwide distribution, in warm-blood animals, including humans. Local conditions and environmental disturbances may influence transmission dynamics of a zoonotic agent. This study evaluates the epidemiology of T. gondii based on toxoplasmosis prevalence in two populations of cats living in distinct urbanization conditions in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.MethodsAmong 372 domestic cats sampled, 265 were from a public shelter located downtown Rio and 107 from a relatively preserved wild environment in a residential area. Sera and eluates from dried blood spots were tested for detection of IgG antibodies against T. gondii by modified agglutination test (MAT).ResultsAntibodies to T. gondii were detected in 32/265 (12.08%) animals from the public shelter and in 4/107 (3.74%) cats from the residential area. Identical results were observed for sera and eluates.ConclusionsFilter paper provides a reliable accurate alternative storage option when conditions of sample collection and transportation in the field are unfavorable. The significantly lower prevalence in the residential area is discussed in terms of environmental, biological and behavioral features.

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Occurrence and risk factors associated to Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Mapping, cluster detection and evaluation of risk factors of ovine toxoplasmosis in Southern Italy

Mapping, cluster detection and evaluation of risk factors of ovine toxoplasmosis in Southern Italy

Seroprevalence, isolation, molecular detection and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii from small ruminants in Egypt

Toxoplasma gondii survey in cats from two environments of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by Modified Agglutination Test on sera and filter-paper

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