Occurrence and fate of most prescribed antibiotics in different water environments of Tehran, Iran

Response of the Bacterial Community and Antibiotic Resistance in Overnight Stagnant Water from a Municipal Pipeline

“…For penicillin, its main antibacterial spectrum is Gram-positive bacteria, and it has little effect on water-based Gram-negative bacteria, but Proteobacteria has the highest proportion as Gram-negative bacteria in this study. According to reports, due to a similar structure of penicillin and cephalexin to β-lactams, they can be enzymatically hydrolyzed by the β-lactamase enzyme similar to acid hydrolysis in water [35]. Furthermore, β-lactamase enzyme dissemination on plasmids across a range of Gram-negative pathogens [36].…”

Electrochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin with a Sb-doped SnO2 electrode: performance, influencing factors and degradation pathways

“…The distance between the two electrodes was 3 cm. Effects of coating times (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), current density (10-25 mA cm À2 ), electrolyte concentration (10-40 g L À1 ), initial concentration (10-80 mg L À1 ), and pH value (3-9) on degradation were investigated. During experiments, samples were taken every 15 min, and UV-vis Spectrophotometer (TU-1901, Beijing, China) was mainly used to monitor the removal rate of CIP in terms of variances in the absorbance, and the main absorption peak (l max ) located at 275 nm.…”

“…1,2 Meanwhile, antibiotics have been frequently detected in surface water, 3 effluent and excess sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plants, 4,5 and even ground water. [6][7][8] The traditional wastewater treatment technology cannot completely remove these antibiotics, because the physical process can not degrade the contaminants and the biological treatment process will be restricted by the antibacterial properties of the antibiotics. 9,10 Considering the potential threat of antibiotic residues to the global environment and human health, the effective degradation of antibiotics is becoming a matter of concern for environmental protection.…”

Electrochemical remediation of industrial pharmaceutical wastewater containing hormones in a pilot scale treatment system

“…The presence of steroids and their metabolites in aquatic and terrestrial environments can be explained by their non-biodegradable nature, recalcitrance, and by continuous release in environment, which is nonetheless much superior than their removal, henceforth characterizing them as "pseudo-persisted". Thus, conventional biological and chemical treatments become ineffective 13,14 . Another limiting factor of biodegradation is related to the interconversions between steroids caused by some microorganisms 15 .…”