Occurrence and environmental hazard of organic UV filters in seawater and wastewater from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands, Spain)

Cadena-Aizaga, M. Isabel; Montesdeoca-Esponda, Sarah; Sosa‐Ferrera, Zoraida; Santana‐Rodríguez, José Juan

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118843

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…[ 1 ]. Cadena-Aizaga et al investigated seawater from Gran Canaria Island in Spain, as well as in influent and effluent water from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), highlighting the presence of BP-3 [ 31 ], while in Brazil, BP-3 and BP-4 have been reported in drinking water [ 32 ]. BPs have also been found in Huangpu river in China, at concentrations up to 127 ng/L, and in farms and WWTPs, at concentrations reaching 400 ng/L.…”

Section: Occurrence Fate and Toxicity Of Bps In The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluation of their toxicological impact is crucial and toxicity studies contribute to the environmental risk assessment [ 31 ]. The observed adverse effects of BPs involve disruptions in the normal functions of the endocrine system of organisms [ 39 , 51 ], effects on reproduction [ 39 , 52 ], developmental toxicity, and neurotoxicity [ 10 , 18 , 53 ].…”

Section: Occurrence Fate and Toxicity Of Bps In The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benzophenones in the Environment: Occurrence, Fate and Sample Preparation in the Analysis

et al. 2023

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The ubiquitous presence of emerging contaminants in the environment is an issue of great concern. Notably, for some of them, no established regulation exists. Benzophenones are listed as emerging contaminants, which have been identified in the environment as well as in human fluids, such as urine, placenta, and breast milk. Their accumulation and stability in the environment, combined with the revealed adverse effects on ecosystems including endocrine, reproductive, and other disorders, have triggered significant interest for research. Benzophenones should be extracted from environmental samples and determined for environmental-monitoring purposes to assess their presence and possible dangers. Numerous sample preparation methods for benzophenones in environmental matrices and industrial effluents have been proposed and their detection in more complex matrices, such as fish and sludges, has also been reported. These methods range from classical to more state-of-the-art methods, such as solid-phase extraction, dispersive SPE, LLE, SBSE, etc., and the analysis is mostly completed with liquid chromatography, using several detection modes. This review critically outlines sample preparation methods that have been proposed to date, for the extraction of benzophenones from simple and complex environmental matrices and for cleaning up sample extracts to eliminate potential interfering components that coexist therein. Moreover, it provides a brief overview of their occurrence, fate, and toxicity.

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Section: Occurrence Fate and Toxicity Of Bps In The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Occurrence Fate and Toxicity Of Bps In The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzophenones in the Environment: Occurrence, Fate and Sample Preparation in the Analysis

et al. 2023

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“…Numerous studies have been recently conducted on the occurrence and fate of UVFs in coastal aquatic systems, such as seawater and wastewater (Cadena-Aizaga et al, 2022), corals (Tashiro and Kameda, 2013;Mitchelmore et al, 2021), surface water (Kameda et al, 2011;Tsui et al, 2014), marine water and sediment (Sánchez Rodríguez et al, 2015;Allinson et al, 2018;Mitchelmore et al, 2019), lake sediments (Kaiser et al, 2012), beach sediments (Astel et al, 2020), river sediment (Huang et al, 2016), and fish (Balmer et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One is gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) (da Silva et al, 2015;Huang et al, 2016;Ramos et al, 2019), which has a huge potential for identification and selectivity in separation. Another technique is liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) (Li et al, 2020b;Chiriac et al, 2020;Cadena-Aizaga et al, 2022), which is characterized by exceptional sensitivity and is very suitable for the analysis of lowvolatile and degradable UVFs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemometric Optimization of Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Ultraviolet Filters in an Urban Recreational Lake

Lukić¹,

Radulović²,

Lučić³

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Solid-phase extraction (SPE) of eleven ultraviolet filters (UVFs): benzophenone-1 (BP-1); benzophenone-3 (BP-3); benzophenone-4 (BP-4); isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate (IAMC), homosalate (HMS); 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-HB); 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC); octocrylene (OC); octyl dimethyl-p-aminobenzoate (OD-PABA); 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC); and avobenzone (AVO), has been optimized using Plackett-Burman design, Box-Behnken design, and Derrindzer desirability function. Of the six SPE variables studied, the most influencing is the type of eluent followed by pH and the methanol content in the rinsing solvent. A method with good analytical performance was obtained by applying optimal SPE conditions and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), with the method detection limit ranging from 0.1 to 5 ng/L, recovery from 44% to 99%, and relative standard deviation (RSD) within 19%. This method was used to analyze the content of UVFs in an urban lake (Sava Lake, Serbia). UVFs occurrence, geostatistical distribution, and associated environmental risk are highly dependent on recreational activities. The average concentrations of UVFs ranged from 0.3 to 113 ng/L, and the most present substance was EHMC, followed by 4-MBC and BP-3. The spatial distribution of the risk quotient (RQ = 0.04–1.7) inside the lake is highly correlated with the number of people bathing and swimming. Human exposure through the dermal pathway is higher than ingestion for most UVFs. Monte Carlo simulation of probabilistic risk assessment estimated the percentile P10, P50, P90 of 12.7; 17.3; 47.5 and 20.1; 27.6; 77.5 ng/kg∙day for total human exposure of adults and children, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the health risk estimate depends mostly on the content of EHMC, HMS, and 4-MBC, while the most influential exposure variables were human body weight and skin surface area. There is no serious concern to human health due to UVFs in the short term; however, a high ecological risk in some parts of the lake is estimated.

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“…Although BP-3 is frequently detected in fresh and marine environments, both in water and biota, the bioaccumulation and biotransformation processes of BP-3 in fish has barely been studied. In recent years, a few studies focused their research activities on understanding the bioaccumulation and effects of BP-3 or other organic UV-filters in various aquatic organisms under laboratory condition: mussels [ 24 , 25 ], corals [ 2 , 26 ], fish [ 27 , 28 ] and swamp crayfish [ 29 ]. Two ways of contamination were approached, waterborne or dietary, using an exposed concentration range of 1–1000 μg/L.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Bioconcentration, Distribution and Metabolization of Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) by Cyprinus carpio (European Carp)

Chiriac

Lucaciu

Păun

et al. 2022

Foods

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Organic UV-filters, such as oxybenzone (BP-3), have attracted researcher attention in recent years due to its capacity to interfere with the proper functioning of the endocrine system and its widespread presence in the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioconcentration, distribution and metabolization of BP-3 in one of the most common fish species in Romania, namely Cyprinus carp (European carp). Exposure experiments were performed for 11 weeks using a BP-3 nominal concentration level of 100 µg/L. The BP-3 concentration level decreased over time and needed to be re-established daily. Biological samples (fish organs and tissues) from control and test were taken at t0 (before contamination) and at t3, t5, t8 and t11 weeks from the beginning of the experiment. From the third week, BP-3 was identified and quantified, in all organs, in concentration values ranging between 3.2 and 782 ng/g d.w., the highest concentration being detected in the intestinal content, followed by gonads (up to 468 ng/g d.w.) and skin (up to 453 ng/g d.w.). In the case of gill and liver, the BP-3 concentration increased in the first five weeks, and then decreased to 15 and 6 ng/g d.w., respectively, which could be explained by a fast BP-3 metabolization. During the exposure period, six metabolites were identified through LC-MS/MS, all of them known for their endocrine disruptor and toxic properties being higher than those of the parent compound. The study is important from an ecological perspective and also in view of human health concerns involving food quality.

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Occurrence and environmental hazard of organic UV filters in seawater and wastewater from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands, Spain)

Cited by 34 publications

References 51 publications

Benzophenones in the Environment: Occurrence, Fate and Sample Preparation in the Analysis

Benzophenones in the Environment: Occurrence, Fate and Sample Preparation in the Analysis

Chemometric Optimization of Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Ultraviolet Filters in an Urban Recreational Lake

In Vivo Bioconcentration, Distribution and Metabolization of Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) by Cyprinus carpio (European Carp)

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