Occurrence and abundance of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes in environmental samples after the Brumadinho dam disaster, Brazil

“…Antibiotic resistance is of grave concern owing to its rapid spread through horizontal gene transfer [ 115 ]. The prevalence of MDR isolates observed in this study indicates the potential of antibiotic-resistant gene (ARG) horizontal transfer from environmental to clinically relevant pathogens [ 116 , 117 , 118 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquitousness of Haloferax and Carotenoid Producing Genes in Arabian Sea Coastal Biosystems of India

et al. 2021

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This study presents a comparative analysis of halophiles from the global open sea and coastal biosystems through shotgun metagenomes (n = 209) retrieved from public repositories. The open sea was significantly enriched with Prochlorococcus and Candidatus pelagibacter. Meanwhile, coastal biosystems were dominated by Marinobacter and Alcanivorax. Halophilic archaea Haloarcula and Haloquandratum, predominant in the coastal biosystem, were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in coastal biosystems compared to the open sea. Analysis of whole genomes (n = 23,540), retrieved from EzBioCloud, detected crtI in 64.66% of genomes, while cruF was observed in 1.69% Bacteria and 40.75% Archaea. We further confirmed the viability and carotenoid pigment production by pure culture isolation (n = 1351) of extreme halophiles from sediments (n = 410 × 3) sampling at the Arabian coastline of India. All red-pigmented isolates were represented exclusively by Haloferax, resistant to saturated NaCl (6 M), and had >60% G + C content. Multidrug resistance to tetracycline, gentamicin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol were also observed. Our study showed that coastal biosystems could be more suited for bioprospection of halophiles rather than the open sea.

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“…Mcr-7.1 was first identified in chicken in China 114 . It has thereafter been identified in environmental samples 115,116 and faecal samples in Brazil 117 is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.…”

Section: Mcr-7 Variantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Epidemiology and Genetic Environment of mcr genes: A One Health Systematic Review of Current and Emerging Trends

Mmatli

Mbelle

Sekyere

2022

Preprint

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Background: Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes modify Lipid A molecules of the lipopolysaccharide, changing the overall charge of the outer membrane. Methods: A systematic review of all studies published between January 2015 to July 2021 was performed. Included articles described mcr genes in the context of their genetic environment, fitness cost, crystal structure, their enzymatic activity and the risk factors associated with the acquisition of mcr. Studies describing the epidemiology of mcr genes and novel therapeutics were included.Results and Discussion: Ten mcr genes have been described to date within eleven Enterobacteriaceae species, with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella species being the most predominant. They are present worldwide in 72 countries, with human specimens currently having the highest incidence. This is due to the wide dissemination of mcr in livestock animals, meat, manure, the environment, and wastewater samples, increasing the risk of transmission via foodborne, zoonotic, and vector-borne routes to humans. The stability and spread of mcr genes were mediated by mobile genetic elements such as the IncHI2 conjugative plasmid, which is associated with multiple mcr-variants and other antibiotic resistance genes. The cost of acquiring mcr is reduced by compensatory adaptation mechanisms. MCR proteins are well conserved via structurally. Hence, MCR-1 inhibitors and therapeutics should be applicable to all MCR proteins.Conclusion: Mcr genes have spread from animals into the clinical setting, threatening public health. Combination therapies are a promising option for managing and treating colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates whilst reducing the toxic effects of colistin.

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Occurrence and abundance of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes in environmental samples after the Brumadinho dam disaster, Brazil

Cited by 38 publications

References 50 publications

Occurrence of multidrug‐resistantEnterococcus faeciumisolated from environmental samples

Occurrence of multidrug‐resistantEnterococcus faeciumisolated from environmental samples

Ubiquitousness of Haloferax and Carotenoid Producing Genes in Arabian Sea Coastal Biosystems of India

Global Epidemiology and Genetic Environment of mcr genes: A One Health Systematic Review of Current and Emerging Trends

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