Occult hepatitis B virus infection in HIV positive patients at a tertiary healthcare unit in eastern India

Saha, Debraj; Pal, Ananya; Sarkar, Neelakshi; Das, Dipanwita; Blackard, Jason T.; Guha, Subhasish Kamal; Saha, Bibhuti; Chakravarty, Runu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179035

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, three novel OBI-unique mutations were detected in this ORF (xS11A, xV15I, and xP11S). Other studies in India reported OBI-associated mutations in the X ORF [ 113 ]. Some studies have reported deletions in the X region, which are linked to OBI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Near Full-Length Genomes of Hepatitis B Virus Isolated from Predominantly HIV Infected Individuals in Botswana

Anderson

Choga

Moyo

et al. 2018

Genes

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The World Health Organization plans to eliminate hepatitis B and C Infections by 2030. Therefore, there is a need to study and understand hepatitis B virus (HBV) epidemiology and viral evolution further, including evaluating occult (HBsAg-negative) HBV infection (OBI), given that such infections are frequently undiagnosed and rarely treated. We aimed to molecularly characterize HBV genomes from 108 individuals co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or OBI identified from previous HIV studies conducted in Botswana from 2009 to 2012. Full-length (3.2 kb) and nearly full-length (~3 kb) genomes were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequences from OBI participants were compared to sequences from CHB participants and GenBank references to identify OBI-unique mutations. HBV genomes from 50 (25 CHB and 25 OBI) individuals were successfully genotyped. Among OBI participants, subgenotype A1 was identified in 12 (48%), D3 in 12 (48%), and E in 1 (4%). A similar genotype distribution was observed in CHB participants. Whole HBV genome sequences from Botswana, representing OBI and CHB, were compared for the first time. There were 43 OBI-unique mutations, of which 26 were novel. Future studies using larger sample sizes and functional analysis of OBI-unique mutations are warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Near Full-Length Genomes of Hepatitis B Virus Isolated from Predominantly HIV Infected Individuals in Botswana

Anderson

Choga

Moyo

et al. 2018

Genes

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“…In persons living with HIV (PLHIV), the prevalence of IAHBc ranges from 7% to 40% [4,16,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] and seems associated with the defect in T-cell response. This prevalence was found to be higher in cases of intravenous drug use or alcohol abuse [30], with older age, low CD4 T-cell count (below 200 cells per µL) and detectable HIV RNA [45].…”

Section: Definitions Of Isolated Anti-hbc Pattern and Occult Hepatitimentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated Anti-HBc: Significance and Management

Moretto

Catherine

Estève

et al. 2020

JCM

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is prevalent worldwide and is associated with dramatic levels of morbidity and mortality. Isolated anti-HBc (IAHBc) is a particular serological pattern that is commonly found in immunocompromised patients. There is ongoing debate regarding the management of patients with IAHBc. Herein, we summarize the current guidelines and the newest evidence. The frequency of IAHBc is variable, with a higher prevalence in some populations, such as persons living with HIV and others immunocompromised patients. The risk of HBV reactivation depends on host factors (including immunosuppression) and viral factors. It is now well established that immunocompromised patients can be classified into three groups for risk according to the type of immunosuppression and/or treatment. In patients at high risk, HBV therapy has to be considered systematically. In patients at moderate risk, the decision is based on the level of HBV DNA (preemptive treatment or monitoring and vaccination). In patients with low risk, HBV vaccination is another possible approach, although further studies are needed to assess the type of preemptive strategy.

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“…(17,16) Anti-HBc was the sole HBV marker in 35 (17.77%) HIV patients, which is close to 17.50% (71 out of 405) and the 16% (38 out of 240) reported in Italy and Boston, respectively. (18,19) Isolated anti-HBc was detected in 12.7% in the study carried out by Aly (15) However, this percent is lower than what has been described in previous studies of HIV-positive patients, namely; the 26.80% detected in India, (20) and the 28.30% in Taiwan. (21) This high percent of sole anti-HBc in these countries may be explained by their high endemicity of HBV with subsequent higher prevalence of chronic and past HBV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…A percent approaching the present one has been recorded recently by Saha et al, among HIV positive patients in India. (20) They found OBI in 17.8% of patients with isolated anti-HBc. A higher percent of 24.5% was previously reported also from India (intermediate HBV endemicity) by Gupta and Singh in 2010.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Egyptian HIV-Infected Patients with Isolated Anti-HBc

Abdelaziz

Fekry

Hashish

2019

Journal of High Institute of Public Health

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Background :Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), defined as the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in liver or serum despite the absence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a frequent contaminant with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV has a negative effect on HBV disease accelerating its natural course. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the occurrence of OBI in Egyptian HIV-infected patients with isolated anti-HBc. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 197 HIV infected patients. They were tested for HBsAg, Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc), and CD4 count. Patients with sole anti-HBc were screened for HBV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Among those patients, 13 (6.60%) were positive for HBsAg, 82 (41.62%) for anti-HBc and 70 (35.53%) for anti-HBs. Their corresponding median CD4 count was 310.00 cells/mm 3 , 497.50 cells/mm 3 and 525.50 cells/mm 3 , respectively. Anti-HBc was the sole marker in 35 (17.77%) patients of whom 7 (20%) were HBV DNA positive indicating OBI. Most OBI patients were non-vaccinated against HBV. There was no significant statistical relationship between the presence of OBI and CD4 count, although most of them had CD4 count less than 500 cells/mm 3 . Conclusion: The present study underscores the importance of OBI screening among HIV patients with isolated anti-HBc.

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Occult hepatitis B virus infection in HIV positive patients at a tertiary healthcare unit in eastern India

Cited by 19 publications

References 63 publications

Molecular Characterization of Near Full-Length Genomes of Hepatitis B Virus Isolated from Predominantly HIV Infected Individuals in Botswana

Molecular Characterization of Near Full-Length Genomes of Hepatitis B Virus Isolated from Predominantly HIV Infected Individuals in Botswana

Isolated Anti-HBc: Significance and Management

Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Egyptian HIV-Infected Patients with Isolated Anti-HBc

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