Occlusive Disease of Retinal Vasculature

Capillary closure secondary to retinal vein occlusion, A morphological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical study

“…The present findings support previous histopathological evidence that retinal vein occlusion in both humans and animals is accompanied by retinal oedema, exudates, and shunt vessels (Kornzweig et al 1964, Green et al 1981, Frangieh et al 1982, Rabinowicz et al 1969. In other studies it has been shown that in the nonacute stage retinal capillaries may become invaded by glial cells to obliterate the vascular lumen in areas with changes secondary to occlusion of larger retinal vessels (Kuwabara & Cogan 1965, Hockley et al 1979).…”

Capillary closure secondary to retinal vein occlusion, A morphological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical study

“…The present findings support previous histopathological evidence that retinal vein occlusion in both humans and animals is accompanied by retinal oedema, exudates, and shunt vessels (Kornzweig et al 1964, Green et al 1981, Frangieh et al 1982, Rabinowicz et al 1969. In other studies it has been shown that in the nonacute stage retinal capillaries may become invaded by glial cells to obliterate the vascular lumen in areas with changes secondary to occlusion of larger retinal vessels (Kuwabara & Cogan 1965, Hockley et al 1979).…”

Variability in Capillary Perfusion Is Increased in Regions of Retinal Ischemia Due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

“…Histologic studies have shown that ischemia due to BRVO is characterized by loss of pericytes and endothelial cells, acellularity of the capillary bed, and loss of neuroglial structures in the inner retinal layers. 64 – 66 Key retinal elements that control retinal perfusion include these pericytes, smooth muscle cells, and glia. 17 , 67 , 68 Smooth muscle α-actin is a key protein that confers contractile properties to some of these cells in response to regional changes in glutamate, lactate, and nitric oxide concentrations.…”

Retinal arteriolar collaterals in man.

“…This finding is consistent with observations made on collateral circulation in other organs after arterial occlusion: in most instances collateral artery joins artery, and vein links vein, and arterio-venous communications are uncommon (Liebow, 1963). In the only pathological study of human material, arterio-arteriolar channels were found in a retinal digest preparation from an elderly patient with a long-standing branch artery occlusion (Kornzweig, Eliasoph, and Feldstein, 1964). A full discussion of collateral vascular channels is provided by Liebow (1963), and we can only add some data pertinent to the retinal circulation.…”

Capillary closure secondary to retinal vein occlusion, A morphological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical study

“…The present findings support previous histopathological evidence that retinal vein occlusion in both humans and animals is accompanied by retinal oedema, exudates, and shunt vessels (Kornzweig et al 1964, Green et al 1981, Frangieh et al 1982, Rabinowicz et al 1969. In other studies it has been shown that in the nonacute stage retinal capillaries may become invaded by glial cells to obliterate the vascular lumen in areas with changes secondary to occlusion of larger retinal vessels (Kuwabara & Cogan 1965, Hockley et al 1979).…”

Variability in Capillary Perfusion Is Increased in Regions of Retinal Ischemia Due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

“…Histologic studies have shown that ischemia due to BRVO is characterized by loss of pericytes and endothelial cells, acellularity of the capillary bed, and loss of neuroglial structures in the inner retinal layers. 64 – 66 Key retinal elements that control retinal perfusion include these pericytes, smooth muscle cells, and glia. 17 , 67 , 68 Smooth muscle α-actin is a key protein that confers contractile properties to some of these cells in response to regional changes in glutamate, lactate, and nitric oxide concentrations.…”

Retinal arteriolar collaterals in man.

“…This finding is consistent with observations made on collateral circulation in other organs after arterial occlusion: in most instances collateral artery joins artery, and vein links vein, and arterio-venous communications are uncommon (Liebow, 1963). In the only pathological study of human material, arterio-arteriolar channels were found in a retinal digest preparation from an elderly patient with a long-standing branch artery occlusion (Kornzweig, Eliasoph, and Feldstein, 1964). A full discussion of collateral vascular channels is provided by Liebow (1963), and we can only add some data pertinent to the retinal circulation.…”

Capillary closure secondary to retinal vein occlusion, A morphological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical study

“…The present findings support previous histopathological evidence that retinal vein occlusion in both humans and animals is accompanied by retinal oedema, exudates, and shunt vessels (Kornzweig et al 1964, Green et al 1981, Frangieh et al 1982, Rabinowicz et al 1969. In other studies it has been shown that in the nonacute stage retinal capillaries may become invaded by glial cells to obliterate the vascular lumen in areas with changes secondary to occlusion of larger retinal vessels (Kuwabara & Cogan 1965, Hockley et al 1979).…”

Variability in Capillary Perfusion Is Increased in Regions of Retinal Ischemia Due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

“…Histologic studies have shown that ischemia due to BRVO is characterized by loss of pericytes and endothelial cells, acellularity of the capillary bed, and loss of neuroglial structures in the inner retinal layers. 64 – 66 Key retinal elements that control retinal perfusion include these pericytes, smooth muscle cells, and glia. 17 , 67 , 68 Smooth muscle α-actin is a key protein that confers contractile properties to some of these cells in response to regional changes in glutamate, lactate, and nitric oxide concentrations.…”

Retinal arteriolar collaterals in man.

“…This finding is consistent with observations made on collateral circulation in other organs after arterial occlusion: in most instances collateral artery joins artery, and vein links vein, and arterio-venous communications are uncommon (Liebow, 1963). In the only pathological study of human material, arterio-arteriolar channels were found in a retinal digest preparation from an elderly patient with a long-standing branch artery occlusion (Kornzweig, Eliasoph, and Feldstein, 1964). A full discussion of collateral vascular channels is provided by Liebow (1963), and we can only add some data pertinent to the retinal circulation.…”