Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery

Abstract

in 1836 reported the results of a series of experiments in which he ligated the principal cervical arteries and nerves in various combinations and sequences. He concluded that death following pressure on the neck was due to cerebral anemia rather than to a direct nervous mechanism.During the ensuing hundred years a large number of investigators studied the effects of generalized cerebral anemia of various degrees and of various durations.2 The pathological picture of such cerebral anemia has been worked out in detail, and the susceptibility of various types of neurons of the brain, spinal cord and sympathetic nervous system to total and near total anemia has been well established.3The study of focal cerebral anemia was initiated by Flourens'4 description, in 1847, of the effects of experimentally produced emboli in the cerebral vascular system. Subsequent studies of this type have elucidated further the dynamic mechanisms involved in small focal infarctions.5

The Production and Clinical Features of a Chronic Stroke Model in Experimental Primates

“…Within the first three to four days this circling movement was in some instances almost continuous, suggesting the description of forced circling 19 already observed in hemiplegic dogs and monkeys. Later on, however, the circling became a much more casual affair and appeared to arise only from the visual inattention.…”

The Production and Clinical Features of a Chronic Stroke Model in Experimental Primates

“…Within the first three to four days this circling movement was in some instances almost continuous, suggesting the description of forced circling 19 already observed in hemiplegic dogs and monkeys. Later on, however, the circling became a much more casual affair and appeared to arise only from the visual inattention.…”

Studies of leptomeningeal collateral circulation in Macacus rhesus

“…Evidence of spasm in the basal vessels of the macaque Spasm in basal vessels in the macaque on mechanical stimulation has been reported by Harvey & Rasmussen (1951). In the experiments of the present series spasm was often observed with the naked eye during exposure and occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.…”

“…The spasm produced in the present experiments was less severe than that observed by Harvey & Rasmussen (1951). In their experiments, spasm was so intense that the artery became 'difficult to find'.…”

Haemodynamics of the circle of Willis and the leptomeningeal anastomoses: an electromagnetic flowmeter study of intracranial arterial occlusion in the monkey

“…This discrepancy, however, is probably due to the absence of any recognizable spasm in the ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery following M1 occlusion in the present experiment. Spasm in basal vessels in the monkey following mechanical stimulation has been reported by Harvey and Rasmussen (1951), Lende (1960), and Symon (1961). In the present study, slight spasm was observed in two animals.…”

The Production and Clinical Features of a Chronic Stroke Model in Experimental Primates

“…Within the first three to four days this circling movement was in some instances almost continuous, suggesting the description of forced circling 19 already observed in hemiplegic dogs and monkeys. Later on, however, the circling became a much more casual affair and appeared to arise only from the visual inattention.…”

Studies of leptomeningeal collateral circulation in Macacus rhesus

“…Evidence of spasm in the basal vessels of the macaque Spasm in basal vessels in the macaque on mechanical stimulation has been reported by Harvey & Rasmussen (1951). In the experiments of the present series spasm was often observed with the naked eye during exposure and occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.…”

“…The spasm produced in the present experiments was less severe than that observed by Harvey & Rasmussen (1951). In their experiments, spasm was so intense that the artery became 'difficult to find'.…”

Haemodynamics of the circle of Willis and the leptomeningeal anastomoses: an electromagnetic flowmeter study of intracranial arterial occlusion in the monkey

“…This discrepancy, however, is probably due to the absence of any recognizable spasm in the ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery following M1 occlusion in the present experiment. Spasm in basal vessels in the monkey following mechanical stimulation has been reported by Harvey and Rasmussen (1951), Lende (1960), and Symon (1961). In the present study, slight spasm was observed in two animals.…”

The Production and Clinical Features of a Chronic Stroke Model in Experimental Primates

“…Within the first three to four days this circling movement was in some instances almost continuous, suggesting the description of forced circling 19 already observed in hemiplegic dogs and monkeys. Later on, however, the circling became a much more casual affair and appeared to arise only from the visual inattention.…”

Studies of leptomeningeal collateral circulation in Macacus rhesus

“…Evidence of spasm in the basal vessels of the macaque Spasm in basal vessels in the macaque on mechanical stimulation has been reported by Harvey & Rasmussen (1951). In the experiments of the present series spasm was often observed with the naked eye during exposure and occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.…”

“…The spasm produced in the present experiments was less severe than that observed by Harvey & Rasmussen (1951). In their experiments, spasm was so intense that the artery became 'difficult to find'.…”

Haemodynamics of the circle of Willis and the leptomeningeal anastomoses: an electromagnetic flowmeter study of intracranial arterial occlusion in the monkey

“…This discrepancy, however, is probably due to the absence of any recognizable spasm in the ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery following M1 occlusion in the present experiment. Spasm in basal vessels in the monkey following mechanical stimulation has been reported by Harvey and Rasmussen (1951), Lende (1960), and Symon (1961). In the present study, slight spasm was observed in two animals.…”