Occlusion of the Internal Carotid Artery

New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Stroke Registry: I. Methods, Data Base, Distribution of Brain Lesions, Stroke Mechanisms, and Outcomes

“…Symptoms and signs were similar to those noted in the fatal cases of BA occlusion reported by Kubik and Adams 25. These ischemic events were the posterior circulation equivalents of TIAs reported by Fisher in ICA disease 35,36. Reasoning that posterior circulation TIAs (dubbed "vertebrobasilar insufficiency"44,45) presaged fatal brainstem infarction (Kubik and Adams patients all died), warfarin anticoagulation, a popular 1950s therapy, was given to posterior circulation TlA patients to prevent strokes.…”

New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Stroke Registry: I. Methods, Data Base, Distribution of Brain Lesions, Stroke Mechanisms, and Outcomes

“…Symptoms and signs were similar to those noted in the fatal cases of BA occlusion reported by Kubik and Adams 25. These ischemic events were the posterior circulation equivalents of TIAs reported by Fisher in ICA disease 35,36. Reasoning that posterior circulation TIAs (dubbed "vertebrobasilar insufficiency"44,45) presaged fatal brainstem infarction (Kubik and Adams patients all died), warfarin anticoagulation, a popular 1950s therapy, was given to posterior circulation TlA patients to prevent strokes.…”

Recently Occluded Intracranial and Extracranial Carotid Arteries

“…47 Differing frequencies of cardiac emboli, as well as discrepancies in the severity of atherosclerosis between anterior and posterior circulations, may underlie such observations. We confirm that the majority of fatal occlusive intracranial ICA thrombi are likely embolic 8,9,24,[31][32][33][34] and emphasise that these emboli may arise not only in the heart and aorta but also in the ipsilateral carotid sinus 6,34 or paradoxically, in the venous circulation. However, it should be emphasised that this selected autopsy series is unlikely to be representative of the entire spectrum of carotid disease and may underestimate other common sources of emboli, such as atrial fibrillation.…”

“…6 -9 However, in contrast to coronary artery occlusion, there has been a relative paucity of necropsy data regarding carotid sinus thrombosis. Fisher 6,7 suggested that atherosclerosis was the likely pathological cause of occlusive carotid sinus thrombosis, and he confirmed Chiari's earlier observation that thrombosis at this site is often preceded by plaque ulceration. 7 This concept has subsequently been confirmed by others, and carotid sinus plaque rupture has been associated with sites at which a thin, fibrous cap overlies a large necrotic core, 16 as in the coronary circulation.…”

Risk of fatal cerebrovascular accidents after external beam radiation therapy for early-stage glottic laryngeal cancer

“…In non-radiated individuals, vascular atherosclerosis most commonly occurs within 2 cm of the common carotid artery bifurcation which lies immediately adjacent to the glottic larynx. 21 Our study findings suggest that even quite limited radiation exposure of the carotid arteries in this region significantly increases the subsequent risk of death due to CVA.…”

New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Stroke Registry: I. Methods, Data Base, Distribution of Brain Lesions, Stroke Mechanisms, and Outcomes

“…Symptoms and signs were similar to those noted in the fatal cases of BA occlusion reported by Kubik and Adams 25. These ischemic events were the posterior circulation equivalents of TIAs reported by Fisher in ICA disease 35,36. Reasoning that posterior circulation TIAs (dubbed "vertebrobasilar insufficiency"44,45) presaged fatal brainstem infarction (Kubik and Adams patients all died), warfarin anticoagulation, a popular 1950s therapy, was given to posterior circulation TlA patients to prevent strokes.…”

Recently Occluded Intracranial and Extracranial Carotid Arteries

“…47 Differing frequencies of cardiac emboli, as well as discrepancies in the severity of atherosclerosis between anterior and posterior circulations, may underlie such observations. We confirm that the majority of fatal occlusive intracranial ICA thrombi are likely embolic 8,9,24,[31][32][33][34] and emphasise that these emboli may arise not only in the heart and aorta but also in the ipsilateral carotid sinus 6,34 or paradoxically, in the venous circulation. However, it should be emphasised that this selected autopsy series is unlikely to be representative of the entire spectrum of carotid disease and may underestimate other common sources of emboli, such as atrial fibrillation.…”

“…6 -9 However, in contrast to coronary artery occlusion, there has been a relative paucity of necropsy data regarding carotid sinus thrombosis. Fisher 6,7 suggested that atherosclerosis was the likely pathological cause of occlusive carotid sinus thrombosis, and he confirmed Chiari's earlier observation that thrombosis at this site is often preceded by plaque ulceration. 7 This concept has subsequently been confirmed by others, and carotid sinus plaque rupture has been associated with sites at which a thin, fibrous cap overlies a large necrotic core, 16 as in the coronary circulation.…”

Risk of fatal cerebrovascular accidents after external beam radiation therapy for early-stage glottic laryngeal cancer

“…In non-radiated individuals, vascular atherosclerosis most commonly occurs within 2 cm of the common carotid artery bifurcation which lies immediately adjacent to the glottic larynx. 21 Our study findings suggest that even quite limited radiation exposure of the carotid arteries in this region significantly increases the subsequent risk of death due to CVA.…”

New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Stroke Registry: I. Methods, Data Base, Distribution of Brain Lesions, Stroke Mechanisms, and Outcomes

“…Symptoms and signs were similar to those noted in the fatal cases of BA occlusion reported by Kubik and Adams 25. These ischemic events were the posterior circulation equivalents of TIAs reported by Fisher in ICA disease 35,36. Reasoning that posterior circulation TIAs (dubbed "vertebrobasilar insufficiency"44,45) presaged fatal brainstem infarction (Kubik and Adams patients all died), warfarin anticoagulation, a popular 1950s therapy, was given to posterior circulation TlA patients to prevent strokes.…”

Recently Occluded Intracranial and Extracranial Carotid Arteries

“…47 Differing frequencies of cardiac emboli, as well as discrepancies in the severity of atherosclerosis between anterior and posterior circulations, may underlie such observations. We confirm that the majority of fatal occlusive intracranial ICA thrombi are likely embolic 8,9,24,[31][32][33][34] and emphasise that these emboli may arise not only in the heart and aorta but also in the ipsilateral carotid sinus 6,34 or paradoxically, in the venous circulation. However, it should be emphasised that this selected autopsy series is unlikely to be representative of the entire spectrum of carotid disease and may underestimate other common sources of emboli, such as atrial fibrillation.…”

“…6 -9 However, in contrast to coronary artery occlusion, there has been a relative paucity of necropsy data regarding carotid sinus thrombosis. Fisher 6,7 suggested that atherosclerosis was the likely pathological cause of occlusive carotid sinus thrombosis, and he confirmed Chiari's earlier observation that thrombosis at this site is often preceded by plaque ulceration. 7 This concept has subsequently been confirmed by others, and carotid sinus plaque rupture has been associated with sites at which a thin, fibrous cap overlies a large necrotic core, 16 as in the coronary circulation.…”

Risk of fatal cerebrovascular accidents after external beam radiation therapy for early-stage glottic laryngeal cancer

“…In non-radiated individuals, vascular atherosclerosis most commonly occurs within 2 cm of the common carotid artery bifurcation which lies immediately adjacent to the glottic larynx. 21 Our study findings suggest that even quite limited radiation exposure of the carotid arteries in this region significantly increases the subsequent risk of death due to CVA.…”