Obtaining P2‐Na_0.56[Ni_0.1Co_0.1Mn_0.8]O₂ Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries by using a Co‐precipitation Method

Abstract

For the sake of achieving the practical application of sodium‐ion batteries, extensive efforts have been made to improve the electrochemical performance of cathode materials. A simple co‐precipitation route is successfully developed to synthesize nanowires of transition metal hydroxides through a sodium peroxide pouring process instead of the traditional sodium hydroxide dropping approach. After a subsequent annealing process, a well‐crystallized P2‐Na0.56[Ni0.1Co0.1Mn0.8]O2 layered cathode material is obtained. Owing to such an exquisite architecture, this material possesses an excellent electrochemical performance, exhibits a reversible capacity of 188 mAh g−1 at 48 mA g−1 in the voltage range of 1.5‐4.1 V with nearly 99.7 % coulombic efficiency and retains approximately 80.2 % of the initial capacity after 50 cycles. Moreover, even at an extremely high current density of 2400 mA g−1, it delivers a capacity of 134 mAh g−1 and remains at 76 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles, which surpasses most reported layered transition metal oxide cathode materials. This strategy of providing a strong oxidizing environment during the co‐precipitation process is especially crucial for obtaining materials with excellent electrochemical performances for future energy storage application.

NaAlCl4: New Halide Solid Electrolyte for 3 V Stable Cost-Effective All-Solid-State Na-Ion Batteries

“…1 Mn 0 . 8 O 2 (NaNCM118) was selected as a model CAM because of its reversibility up to ∼4.5 V (vs Na/Na + ) or higher, 72,73 which is consistent with the cell test result of NaNCM118 cathodes using conventional liquid electrolytes (Figure S13). The crystal structure of NaNCM118 is shown in Figure S14 and Table S6.…”

Synthesis Control of Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries: A Necessary Step Toward Practicality

“…The precursors are simply sodiated with NaOH or Na 2 CO 3 by calcining at generally higher temperatures than that for Li­(Ni a Mn b Co c )­O 2 (LiNMC) to facilitate crystal structure formation and sodium diffusion into the particles. While not all of these NaNMC materials result in good morphology, − many groups have successfully synthesized particles with morphology similar to that of typical LiNMC particles. ,− Notably, all of the publications that report good NaNMC morphology mention the use of a stirred tank reactor for particle synthesis, while many of the other publications use smaller-scale setups, such as beakers. It is, therefore, clear that synthesizing NaNMC particles by the coprecipitation method is not significantly more challenging than synthesizing LiNMC.…”

“…The ability to use hydroxide coprecipitation to synthesize sodium-based cathode materials is, therefore, necessary with respect to both utilizing existing infrastructure and controlling particle morphology. Despite this, the majority of reported sodium-based layered-oxide work does not utilize coprecipitation techniques, or desirable particle morphology is rarely achieved when hydroxide coprecipitation has been employed. − The most common synthesis methods of solid-state and sol–gel synthesis produce highly irregular, agglomerated particles with poor tap density and high surface area. Performance obtained with these materials does not accurately reflect optimal performance, thereby hampering the progress in the sodium-ion battery field.…”

Highly Selective Extraction of Lithium from Spent NCM Cathode Powder Reconstructive Electrode by Acid-Free Electrochemical Process

“…In the case of the materials obtained after delithiation at 1.5 and 2.0 V, the diffraction peak associated with the pristine material completely disappeared, and a diffraction peak of δ-MnO 2 crystal type was observed. 46 This suggested that the crystal structure of the pristine material was completely destroyed and transformed. 41 The four materials all exhibited PVDF diffraction peaks at 2θ = 26.5°.…”