Observer-Based Sliding Mode FTC for Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems against Hybrid Energy Storage Faults

Abstract

An observer-based sliding mode fault-tolerant controller is developed in this paper, which is applied to an interconnected power system with a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The model of the interconnected power system with HESS is introduced first. An observer is then proposed to estimate the unknown but bounded load disturbances and the actuator fault. The sliding mode fault-tolerant controller is further designed based on the observer ensuring that the area control error of the interconnected power system asymptotically converges to zero. The stability and the convergence of the whole system are proven based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed fault-control scheme is demonstrated through simulations.

Disturbance Observer-Based Prescribed Performance Fault-Tolerant Control for a Multi-Area Interconnected Power System with a Hybrid Energy Storage System

“…Figure 9 shows the change of ACE under the condition of renewable power fluctuation in [1]. From the simulations, we can see that in the case of load disturbance, the PPTFC has good control performance, and the out ACE i and ∆ f i of the MIPS are kept close to zero with a smaller overshoot and faster response compared with the other approaches [10,12].…”

“…Consider a MIPS consisting of N LFC area, and each area includes the generator, turbine, and governor [10,12]. The i-th control area of the LFC system in the MIPS with HESS is shown in Figure 1.…”

“…For power generation plants, HESS can delay the investment in power generation capacity, improve the performance of frequency modulation and peak regulation, and avoid the risk of extremely low power prices in the market [11]. For power grid companies, energy storage can delay investment in transmission and distribution equipment, alleviate local power grid congestion, provide peak and frequency regulation, voltage support, emergency standby, and black start capability [12]. Electricity sales companies can profit from peak and valley spreads, providing auxiliary services such as peak and frequency modulation.…”