Observed Child Restraint Use in Automobiles

Abstract

Visual observations were made on restraint use in occupants of 5050 automobiles containing at least one passenger less than 10 years of age, and short interviews were conducted with the drivers. Ninety three per cent of passengers less than 10 years old were not restrained. Eighty nine per cent of passengers 10 or older and 78% of the drivers were not restrained. Sixteen per cent of child motor vehicle restraint devices observed were not used, and 73% of those in use were not used correctly. Use of such devices declined sharply after age one. Although child passengers were more likely to be restrained if the driver was restrained, more than 75% of the children were not restrained when the driver was, even if the driver was the child's parent.

Patterns of misuse of child safety seats

“…From a sample of approximately 3,000 children under 4 years of age, they found only 8% restrained and only 5% in CSSs (Williams, 1976).…”

Evaluation of the Tennessee Child Restraint Law.

“…FIGURE 4-Per Cent Traveling in Arms or on Laps of Passengers in Nashville Before and After Tennessee Law inI Force (January 1,1978) by Age…”

Injury to the Immature Skeleton

“…158,273,338 Automobiles At all ages the automobile is the principal crippler of children, causing severe skeletal abnormalities. 323,341,370,375,389 However, other powered vehicles are assuming increasing importance as causal mechanisms. They include off-road vehicles, bicycles (especially off-road or downhill), skateboards, in-line skates, and jet-skis.…”

“…376 These laws are useful only if the restraint systems are used appropriately. 100,102,128,187,325,340,362,368,389,390 Modifications must be made for children in body casts or in special-needs devices. 101,141 Similarly, car seats for infants and toddlers are effective only if they are properly used.…”