Observations on the distribution of anophelines in Suriname with particular reference to the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi

Abstract

A study was made on the distribution of anophelines in Suriname with special emphasis on the principal malaria vector Anopheles darlingi and on the occurrence of other possible vector species. Peridomestic human bait collections of adult mosquitoes and collections of larvae were made in many localities with a recent history of malaria transmission. Stable populations of An. darlingi were only found in the interior, south of the limit of tidal influence, due to year-round availability of breeding habitats in quiet partly sunlit places in flooded forest areas and along river banks. In the area with tidal movement of the rivers, breeding is limited to flooded areas in the wet season. Anopheles darlingi was only incidentally collected in low densities. In the interior, malaria transmission occurred in all places where An. darlingi was found. The absence of malaria transmission along the Upper Suriname River could be explained by the absence of An. darlingi. In the malaria endemic areas, An. darlingi was the most numerous mosquito biting on man. In the tidal region, malaria outbreaks are infrequent and might be explained by the temporary availability of favourable breeding habitats for An. darlingi. However, evidence is insufficient to incriminate An. darlingi as the vector of malaria in this region and the possible vectorial role of other anophelines is discussed.

Anopheles darlingi bionomics and transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae in Amerindian villages of the Upper-Maroni Amazonian forest, French Guiana

“…darlingi presents a biting activity with peaks at dusk, in the middle of the night, and at dawn, but females were also caught in daytime. In Suriname, Hudson (1984) and later Rozendaal (1987Rozendaal ( , 1989 found a biting peak around midnight. On the Maroni River, these authors showed that the peak number of bites at dusk was essentially due to An.…”

“…In Cayodé, from May-July 2001, the contact between man and vector was about three times higher than in the other villages, suggesting that larval habitats were exceptionally productive in this locality during this period. Hudson (1984) and Rozendaal (1987) Magris et al 2007b). In our case, considering all three villages together and the rainfall reported during the period of the study, there was a significant positive correlation between HBR and rainfall (r = 0.79, p = 0.002), with a one month lag, meaning that the abundance of An.…”

“…darlingi and malaria transmission dynamics have been assessed during the 80's in Bushinenge Surinamese villages located in the Upper-Maroni area (Hudson 1984, Rozendaal 1987, 1989, 1992. These authors showed that An.…”

Anopheles darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae) Rood 1926: Morphometric variations in wings and legs of populations from Colombia

“…darlingi requieren de condiciones químicas y físicas estables propias de criaderos grandes, profundos y con aguas claras, que propician temperaturas entre los 20 y los 28 °C y un pH entre 6,5 y 7,3 (53). Sin embargo, factores como la deforestación para abrir espacio a la agricultura y a la actividad minera, generan criaderos totalmente expuestos al sol que pueden alcanzar temperaturas de hasta 40 °C, con efectos importantes en el desarrollo de la especie y sus características morfológicas (54,55). Estos cambios en la composición del paisaje afectan la disposición de los criaderos y determinan cambios en la temperatura y la humedad relativa ambiental, que afectan el desarrollo de las formas inmaduras y la tasa de vuelo de los adultos.…”

Comparative Vector Bionomics and Morphometrics of Two Genetically Distinct Field Populations of Anopheles darlingi Root from Belize, Central America and Zungarococha, Peru, South America

“…darlingi is most commonly collected in inhabited areas and is known to be an anthropophilic species, it has also been collected in uninhabited areas suggesting that this species can utilize nonhuman blood to maintain high densities in areas or at times with few or no human inhabitants (158). It has been shown in other species that having a host preference (or specializing in a particular host) can confer fitness (107; 168).…”