Observations on the brains of demented old people

Tomlinson, B. E.; Blessed, G.; Roth, Martin

doi:10.1016/0022-510x(70)90063-8

Cited by 1,764 publications

(622 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

568

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These present findings are consistent with the neuropathological observation of marked abnormalities of the temporal areas in Alzheimer's disease (28,29). It should be remembered that along with increased numbers of senile plaques and tangles: temporal lobe atrophy was also first suggested to be a neuropathological marker for senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (29).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Abnormal EEG Slow Activity in Left Temporal Areas in Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

Rice¹,

Buchsbaum²,

Starr³

et al. 1990

Journal of Gerontology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Abnormal EEG Slow Activity in Left Temporal Areas in Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

Rice¹,

Buchsbaum²,

Starr³

et al. 1990

Journal of Gerontology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Microinfarction has been reported as the basis of dementia [25,26]; it is associated with a history of transient ischaemic attacks [27] and contributes significantly to the progression of cognitive deficits in brain ageing [28]. The inferior frontal gyrus and the occipital lobe, showing decreased GMD in the DRP group compared with the NDRP group and the healthy controls, are the watershed areas of the medial cerebral artery and the posterior cerebral artery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voxel-based morphometry demonstrates reduced grey matter density on brain MRI in patients with diabetic retinopathy

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis: In addition to nephropathy, retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy, a microvascular complication of type 1 diabetes that may be tentatively referred to as 'diabetic encephalopathy' has gained increasing attention. There is growing evidence that lowered cognitive performance in patients with type 1 diabetes is related to chronic hyperglycaemia rather than recurrent episodes of severe hypoglycaemia, as previously speculated. The aim of our study was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to establish whether long-term hyperglycaemia, resulting in advanced retinopathy, contributes to structural changes in the brain (reduced grey matter). Subjects, materials and methods: We applied voxel-based morphometry on magnetic resonance images to compare grey matter density (GMD) between three groups of participants. GMD is used as a marker of cortical atrophy. We compared 13 type 1 diabetic patients with a microvascular complication (i.e. proliferative retinopathy) with 18 type 1 diabetic patients who did not have retinopathy in order to assess the effects of microvascular changes on GMD. Both patient groups were compared with 21 healthy control subjects to assess the effect of diabetes in itself. Results: Patients with diabetic retinopathy showed reduced GMD in the right inferior frontal gyrus and right occipital lobe compared both with patients without retinopathy and with healthy controls (p<0.05). Conclusions/interpretation: Our data show that patients with type 1 diabetes, who, as a consequence of chronic hyperglycaemia, had developed advanced retinopathy, also showed increased focal cortical atrophy on brain MRI.

show abstract

“…1 The characteristic findings at the microscopic level are degeneration of the neurons and their synapses together with extensive amounts of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. 2 During the preclinical phase of AD the neuronal degeneration proceeds and the amount of plaques and tangles increase and at a certain threshold the first symptoms, most often impairment of episodic memory, appear. This preclinical period probably starts 20-30 years before the first clinical symptoms appear.…”

Section: Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebrospinal fluid protein biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary:The introduction of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors as a symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has made patients seek medical advice at an earlier stage of the disease. This has highlighted the importance of diagnostic markers for early AD. However, there is no clinical method to determine which of the patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will progress to AD with dementia, and which have a benign form of MCI without progression. In this paper, the performance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein biomarkers for AD is reviewed. The diagnostic performance of the three biomarkers, total tau, phospho-tau, and the 42 amino acid form of ␤-amyloid have been evaluated in numerous studies and their ability to identify incipient AD in MCI cases has also been studied. Some candidate AD biomarkers including ubiquitin, neurofilament proteins, growth-associated protein 43 (neuromodulin), and neuronal thread protein (AD7c) show interesting results but have been less extensively studied. It is concluded that CSF biomarkers may have clinical utility in the differentiation between AD and several important differential diagnoses, including normal aging, depression, alcohol dementia, and Parkinson's disease, and also in the identification of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in cases with rapidly progressive dementia. Early diagnosis of AD is not only of importance to be able to initiate symptomatic treatment with AChE inhibitors, but will be the basis for initiation of treatment with drugs aimed at slowing down or arresting the degenerative process, such as ␥-secretase inhibitors, if these prove to affect AD pathology and to have a clinical effect.

show abstract

Observations on the brains of demented old people

Cited by 1,764 publications

References 9 publications

Abnormal EEG Slow Activity in Left Temporal Areas in Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

Abnormal EEG Slow Activity in Left Temporal Areas in Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

Voxel-based morphometry demonstrates reduced grey matter density on brain MRI in patients with diabetic retinopathy

Cerebrospinal fluid protein biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About