Observations of the annual cycle of sea ice temperature and mass balance

Perovich, Donald K.; Elder, Bruce; Richter‐Menge, Jacqueline A.

doi:10.1029/97gl00185

Cited by 42 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This number is almost two to four times the values found in earlier studies (i.e., Maykut and McPhee 1995;Perovich et al 1997). For instance, Perovich et al (1997) found that in the Beaufort Sea the ocean heat flux in winter is close to zero and in summer it is around 5 W m Ϫ2 . In the UVic ESCM the sensible heat flux of an icecovered grid cell is calculated with the temperature difference between the ice base, set at the freezing point of water for a given salinity, and the surface ocean.…”

Section: ) Basal Energy Budgetsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…At the onset of the snowmelt the model simulates the formation of false bottoms, similar to what was observed during SHEBA (Eicken et al 2002;Perovich and Elder 2002). After breakup of the pack ice, an additional bottom melt effect appears in order to account for the heating of the mixed layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…11). This peak is associated with the ice station drifting into shallow waters during a storm event and entraining warmer, deeper water (Perovich and Elder 2002). A second large change in measured ocean heat flux starting around Julian day 500 is again associated with a large storm event.…”

Section: ) Basal Energy Budgetmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…A second large change in measured ocean heat flux starting around Julian day 500 is again associated with a large storm event. Perovich and Elder (2002) calculated a mean ocean heat flux of 7.5 W m Ϫ2 over the entire period at the Pittsburgh site. This number is almost two to four times the values found in earlier studies (i.e., Maykut and McPhee 1995;Perovich et al 1997).…”

Section: ) Basal Energy Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perovich and Elder (2002) calculated a mean ocean heat flux of 7.5 W m Ϫ2 over the entire period at the Pittsburgh site. This number is almost two to four times the values found in earlier studies (i.e., Maykut and McPhee 1995;Perovich et al 1997). For instance, Perovich et al (1997) found that in the Beaufort Sea the ocean heat flux in winter is close to zero and in summer it is around 5 W m Ϫ2 .…”

Section: ) Basal Energy Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Granular Sea Ice Model in Spherical Coordinates and Its Application to a Global Climate Model

et al. 2007

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The granular sea ice model (GRAN) from Tremblay and Mysak is converted from Cartesian to spherical coordinates. In this conversion, the metric terms in the divergence of the deviatoric stress and in the strain rates are included. As an application, the GRAN is coupled to the global Earth System Climate Model from the University of Victoria. The sea ice model is validated against standard datasets. The sea ice volume and area exported through Fram Strait agree well with values obtained from in situ and satellite-derived estimates. The sea ice velocity in the interior Arctic agrees well with buoy drift data. The thermodynamic behavior of the sea ice model over a seasonal cycle at one location in the Beaufort Sea is validated against the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) datasets. The thermodynamic growth rate in the model is almost twice as large as the observed growth rate, and the melt rate is 25% lower than observed. The larger growth rate is due to thinner ice at the beginning of the SHEBA period and the absence of internal heat storage in the ice layer in the model. The simulated lower summer melt is due to the smaller-than-observed surface melt.

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Section: ) Basal Energy Budgetsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: ) Basal Energy Budgetmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: ) Basal Energy Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Basal Energy Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Granular Sea Ice Model in Spherical Coordinates and Its Application to a Global Climate Model

et al. 2007

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Multiyear sea ice thermal regimes and oceanic heat flux derived from an ice mass balance buoy in the Arctic Ocean

Lei

Heil

et al. 2014

JGR Oceans

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Multiphase Reactive Transport and Platelet Ice Accretion in the Sea Ice of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

2018

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Sea ice seasonally to interannually forms a thermal, chemical, and physical boundary between the atmosphere and hydrosphere over tens of millions of square kilometers of ocean. Its presence affects both local and global climate and ocean dynamics, ice shelf processes, and biological communities. Accurate incorporation of sea ice growth and decay, and its associated thermal and physiochemical processes, is underrepresented in large‐scale models due to the complex physics that dictate oceanic ice formation and evolution. Two phenomena complicate sea ice simulation, particularly in the Antarctic: the multiphase physics of reactive transport brought about by the inhomogeneous solidification of seawater, and the buoyancy driven accretion of platelet ice formed by supercooled ice shelf water onto the basal surface of the overlying ice. Here a one‐dimensional finite difference model capable of simulating both processes is developed and tested against ice core data. Temperature, salinity, liquid fraction, fluid velocity, total salt content, and ice structure are computed during model runs. The model results agree well with empirical observations and simulations highlight the effect platelet ice accretion has on overall ice thickness and characteristics. Results from sensitivity studies emphasize the need to further constrain sea ice microstructure and the associated physics, particularly permeability‐porosity relationships, if a complete model of sea ice evolution is to be obtained. Additionally, implications for terrestrial ice shelves and icy moons in the solar system are discussed.

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Observations of the annual cycle of sea ice temperature and mass balance

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

The Granular Sea Ice Model in Spherical Coordinates and Its Application to a Global Climate Model

The Granular Sea Ice Model in Spherical Coordinates and Its Application to a Global Climate Model

Multiyear sea ice thermal regimes and oceanic heat flux derived from an ice mass balance buoy in the Arctic Ocean

Multiphase Reactive Transport and Platelet Ice Accretion in the Sea Ice of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

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