Observation of Transverse Bose-Einstein Condensation via Hanbury Brown–Twiss Correlations

RuGway, Wu; Manning, Andrew; Hodgman, Sean; Dall, Robert; Truscott, A. G.; Lamberton, Timothy O.; Kheruntsyan, K. V.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.093601

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Therefore, similarly to the homogeneous case, the system passes from a high-temperature 3D behavior to a quasi-2D critical temperature at low temperature. This change of regime may be also related to a transverse condensation phenomenon [31,33,38,108,109].…”

Section: A the Bh Model In A Transverse Harmonic Trapmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Dimensional crossover of Bose-Einstein-condensation phenomena in quantum gases confined within slab geometries

Delfino

Vicari

2017

Phys. Rev. A

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We investigate systems of interacting bosonic particles confined within slab-like boxes of size L 2 ×Z with Z ≪ L, at their three-dimensional (3D) BEC transition temperature Tc, and below Tc where they experience a quasi-2D Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition (at TBKT < Tc depending on the thickness Z). The low-temperature phase below TBKT shows quasi-long-range order: the planar correlations decay algebraically as predicted by the 2D spin-wave theory. This dimensional crossover, from a 3D behavior for T Tc to a quasi-2D critical behavior for T TBKT, can be described by a transverse finite-size scaling limit in slab geometries. We also extend the discussion to the offequilibrium behavior arising from slow time variations of the temperature across the BEC transition. Numerical evidence of the 3D→2D dimensional crossover is presented for the Bose-Hubbard model defined in anisotropic L 2 × Z lattices with Z ≪ L.

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Section: A the Bh Model In A Transverse Harmonic Trapmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…(38), increases up to η = 1/4 corresponding to the BKT transition. Therefore, close to the BKT transition, i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensional crossover of Bose-Einstein-condensation phenomena in quantum gases confined within slab geometries

Delfino

Vicari

2017

Phys. Rev. A

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“…Momentum correlations up to sixth order [4] and phase correlations up to eighth [1] and tenth order [5] have so far been measured in ultracold atomic gases. More generally, multiparticle correlation functions have been used to experimentally characterize the fundamental properties of various systems, such as thermal Bose and Fermi gases [6], weakly and strongly interacting 1D Bose gases [7][8][9], tunnel-coupled 1D tubes [1,5], collision halos [10][11][12], and phenomena such as prethermalization [13] and transverse condensation [14]. Correlations between multiple photons are also routinely used in numerous quantum optics experiments including ghost imaging [15,16], defining criteria for nonclassicality [17,18], analyzing entangled states generated by parametric down conversion [19], and characterizing single photon sources [20].…”

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confidence: 99%

Solving the Quantum Many-Body Problem via Correlations Measured with a Momentum Microscope

et al. 2017

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In quantum many-body theory, all physical observables are described in terms of correlation functions between particle creation or annihilation operators. Measurement of such correlation functions can therefore be regarded as an operational solution to the quantum many-body problem. Here, we demonstrate this paradigm by measuring multiparticle momentum correlations up to third order between ultracold helium atoms in an s-wave scattering halo of colliding Bose-Einstein condensates, using a quantum manybody momentum microscope. Our measurements allow us to extract a key building block of all higherorder correlations in this system-the pairing field amplitude. In addition, we demonstrate a record violation of the classical Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for correlated atom pairs and triples. Measuring multiparticle momentum correlations could provide new insights into effects such as unconventional superconductivity and many-body localization. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.240402 In quantum physics, fully understanding and characterizing complex systems, comprising a large (often macroscopic) number of interacting particles, is an extremely challenging problem. Solutions within the standard framework of (first-quantized) quantum mechanics generally require the knowledge of the full quantum many-body wave function. This necessitates an exponentially large amount of information to be encoded and simulated using the many-body Schrödinger equation. In an equivalent (second-quantized) quantum field theory formulation, the fundamental understanding of quantum many-body systems comes through the description of all physical observables via correlation functions between particle creation and annihilation operators. Here, the exponential complexity of the quantum many-body problem is converted into the need to know all possible multiparticle correlation functions, starting from two-, three-, and increasing to arbitrary N-particle (or higher-order) correlations.From an experimental viewpoint, an operational solution to the quantum many-body problem is therefore equivalent to measuring all multiparticle correlations. In certain cases, however, knowing only a specific set of (few-body or lower-order) correlations is sufficient to allow a solution of the many-body problem to be constructed. This was recently shown for phase correlations between two coupled one-dimensional (1D) Bose gases [1]. Apart from facilitating the description of physical observables, characterizing multiparticle correlations is important for introducing controlled approximations in many-body physics, such as the virial-and related cluster-expansion approaches that rely on truncation of the Bogolyubov-Born-GreenKirkwood-Yvon hierarchy [2,3] Correlations between multiple photons are also routinely used in numerous quantum optics experiments including ghost imaging [15,16], defining criteria for nonclassicality [17,18], analyzing entangled states generated by parametric down conversion [19], and characterizing single photon sources [20].Here, we demonstrate an e...

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“…While HBT-type measurements in electrodynamics can entirely be understood in terms of classical wave interference, its elongation to probability wave distributions is a hallmark of quantum mechanics (see the work of Fano [75]). It was a breakthrough in understanding, which allowed for the success of HBT-type experiments with all kinds of indistinguishable particlesmay it be bosons or fermions [76][77][78][79] making it a widely accepted tool to probe the size of their respective sources by tracing the spatial transverse intensity correlation. Especially within optics there is a newfound interest to push the limits of the HBT scheme, namely by considering photon interaction [80], complex phase tailored beams [81] and the relationship to thermal light ghost imaging [82].…”

Section: Evolution Of Transverse Spatial Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light in curved two-dimensional space

Schultheiss

Batz

Peschel

2020

Advances in Physics: X

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The extrinsic and intrinsic curvature of a two-dimensional waveguide influences wave propagation therein. While this can already be apprehended from a geometric point of view in terms of geodesics generalizing straight lines as the shortest distance between any two points, in wave optics interference phenomena strongly govern the field evolution, too. Radii of curvature in the order of the wavelength of light modify the local effective refractive index by altering the mode profile. Macroscopic radii only influence light propagation for nonvanishing intrinsic (or Gaussian) curvature. A positive Gaussian curvature leads to refocusing and thus an imaging behavior, whereas negative Gaussian curvature forces the field profile to diverge exponentially. These effects can be explained by an effective transverse potential acting on the electromagnetic field distribution's envelope. This can also be extended to nonlinear beam propagation. In this review paper we give a thorough introduction to differential geometry in twodimensional manifolds and its incorporation with Maxwell's equations. We report on first fundamental experiments in this newly emerging field, which may lead to applications in integrated optical circuits. The close conceptual analogy to phenomena in four-dimensional spacetime with constant curvature as well as toy-models of the Schwarzschild metric and a wormhole topology are also discussed.

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Observation of Transverse Bose-Einstein Condensation via Hanbury Brown–Twiss Correlations

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Dimensional crossover of Bose-Einstein-condensation phenomena in quantum gases confined within slab geometries

Dimensional crossover of Bose-Einstein-condensation phenomena in quantum gases confined within slab geometries

Solving the Quantum Many-Body Problem via Correlations Measured with a Momentum Microscope

Light in curved two-dimensional space

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