Observation of the nonlinear phase shift due to single post-selected photons

Feizpour, Amir; Hallaji, Matin; Dmochowski, Greg; Steinberg, Aephraim M.

doi:10.1038/nphys3433

Cited by 110 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…A recent experiment demonstrated an enhancement of d in an EIT scheme, where a probe photon modulated a level to which another weak pulse coupled [16]. Phase shifts of 13 ± 1µrad per photon were observed even though the geometry of that experiment limited the available optical depth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamical observations of self-stabilizing stationary light

Everett¹,

Campbell²,

Cho³

et al. 2016

Nature Phys

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Precise control of atom-light interactions is vital to many quantum information protocols. In particular, atomic systems can be used to slow and store light to form a quantum memory. Optical storage can be achieved via stopped light, where no optical energy remains in the atoms, or as stationary light, where some optical energy remains present during storage. In this work, we demonstrate a form of self-stabilising stationary light. From any initial state, our atom-light system evolves to a stable configuration that is devoid of coherent emission from the atoms, yet may contain bright optical excitation. This phenomenon is verified experimentally in a cloud of cold Rb87 atoms. The spinwave in our atomic cloud is imaged from the side allowing direct comparison with theoretical predictions.Coherent atom light interactions lie at the heart of many quantum information systems [1, 2]. In particular, implementations of quantum repeaters will likely rely on mapping of photonic states onto atomic systems to enable storage of quantum information [3,4]. Deterministic quantum logic gates in optical systems may also rely on atomic state mapping to enable nonlinear photon-photon interactions [5,6,7,8,9]. A fundamental issue facing any attempt to implement nonlinear cross phase modulation (XPM) is that the interaction is inherently very weak. Techniques are therefore required to increase the interaction time or interaction strength to allow useful amounts of phase shift. Interaction strength can be scaled up by choosing a nonlinear medium with strong optical interactions, such as Rydberg atoms [10,11]. A more general approach that works for any medium is to use smaller interaction volumes, since this increases the electric field per photon, and longer interaction times, which may be achieved by using an 1 arXiv:1609.08287v1 [quant-ph]

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various methods have been used to achieve one or both of these objectives, including photonic crystal fibres with [6] and without [12] injected atoms, tapered optical fibres in atomic vapour [13], optical cavities [9,14,15] and slow light propagation [16,17,18].…”

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confidence: 99%

Dynamical observations of self-stabilizing stationary light

Everett¹,

Campbell²,

Cho³

et al. 2016

Nature Phys

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“…Such interactions can be achieved by coupling photons to matter [2,3,4,5,6]. Especially, Rydberg-EIT (rEIT) has emerged a promising approach [7,8,9,10,11,12,13] visible in great experimental [14,4,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28] and theoretical [29,30,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51...…”

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confidence: 99%

Two photon conditional phase gate based on Rydberg slow light polaritons

Bienias

Büchler

2020

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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We analyze the fidelity of a deterministic quantum phase gate for two photons counterpropagating as polaritons through a cloud of Rydberg atoms under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We provide analytical results for the phase shift of the quantum gate, and provide an estimation for all processes leading to a reduction to the gate fidelity. Especially, the influence of losses form the intermediate level, dispersion of the photon wave packet, scattering into additional polariton channels, finite lifetime of the Rydberg state, as well as effects of transverse size of the wave packets are accounted for. We show that the flatness of the effective interaction, caused by the blockade phenomena, suppresses the corrections due to the finite transversal size. This is a strength of Rydberg-EIT setup compared to other approaches. Finally, we provide the experimental requirements for the realization of a high fidelity quantum phase gate using Rydberg polaritons.

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“…An important feature of this scheme is that a signal (control) pulse containing thousands or even less photons is already sufficient to reach π cross-phase shifts in a regime of intrinsically small losses and group-velocity matching. We foresee this as an asset for future applications of deterministic optical gates with no need of optical cavities [7,24,25], storage and retrieval [23], or post-selection procedures [14,23]. * * * This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (Nos.…”

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confidence: 99%

Conditional phase-shift enhancement through dynamical Rydberg blockade

Artoni

Cataliotti

et al. 2017

EPL

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-Large cross-phase shifts per photon can be attained through an all-optical polarization control of dipole blockade in Rydberg atoms. A pair of weak circularly polarized signal and control light pulses experience a giant nonlinear cross-interaction through the conditional excitation of a Rydberg state. Conditional cross-phase modulations on the order of π-radians may be attained under specific symmetric EIT quasi-resonant driving conditions at large degrees of transparency. We also suggest the possibility of extending our scheme to work at very low intensities and within a few-blockade-radii regions.

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Observation of the nonlinear phase shift due to single post-selected photons

Cited by 110 publications

References 48 publications

Dynamical observations of self-stabilizing stationary light

Dynamical observations of self-stabilizing stationary light

Two photon conditional phase gate based on Rydberg slow light polaritons

Conditional phase-shift enhancement through dynamical Rydberg blockade

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