Observation of lightning flashes to wind turbines

Miki, Megumu; Miki, Takafumi; Wada, Atsushi; Asakawa, Akira; Asuka, Yukihito; Honjo, Nobuyuki

doi:10.1109/iclp.2010.7845869

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…4 and 5 present the cumulative frequency distribution of the total transferred charge and the flash duration. Table II presents a summary of the median value of the peak current, transferred charge and flash duration obtained in this study and compared to the available data obtained in Switzerland [18], Japan [19] and at the Gaisberg Tower, Austria [20]. It can be seen that the median values for the peak current and the flash duration are consistent with the data obtained recently in Austria.…”

Section: Positive Flashessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…It is worth noting that Zhou et al [20] defined two parameters associated with the peak current: (i) the so-called pulse peak current which is the absolute maximum value of the current reported in Table II, and (ii) the so-called flash peak current which corresponds to the peak current associated with the low-pass filtered waveform, the median of which was 5.2 kA. The amount of transferred charge is substantially larger in our dataset, with a median value of 169 C. This value is about 6 times as large as the values obtained in Monte San Salvatore [18] and in Japan [19], and about 3 times as large as the value obtained in Austria [20]. *) this value corresponds to the maximum peak current (called the pulse peak current in [20]).…”

Section: Positive Flashesmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Some characteristics of positive and bipolar lightning flashes recorded on the Säntis tower in 2010 and 2011

Romero

Rubinstein²,

Rachidi

et al. 2012

2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)

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We present an analysis of measured current waveforms associated with positive and bipolar flashes recorded on the Säntis tower, Switzerland, from May 2010 till January 2012. The overall number of recorded flashes in the considered period was 201, of which 30 were of positive polarity (effectively transported positive charge to ground) and three were bipolar. The recorded positive flashes were mainly concentrated in the summer months, August being the month during which most of them occurred (6 events in 2010 and 16 events in 2011). The observed positive flashes are characterized by a median peak current of 11.8 kA, and a median flash duration of 80 ms. These values are consistent with those associated with the data recorded at the Gaisberg Tower in Austria. On the other hand, the amount of transferred charge is substantially larger in our dataset, with a median value of 169 C (6 times as large as the values obtained in Monte San Salvatore and in Japan, and 3 times as large as the value obtained in Austria). Eight flashes out of 30 transported positive charge to the ground in excess of 500 C. The obtained results confirm also the findings of Saba et al. according to which positive lightning flashes may combine high peak currents with high charge transfers (or flash durations). The three bipolar flashes recorded during the considered time period occurred during one storm occurred on August 27, 2011. The relative number of bipolar flashes (1.5%) is found to be lower than the values reported in previous studies in Austria and in Switzerland (3 to 6%). On the basis of the classification proposed by Rakov, two of the three observed bipolar flashes belonged to Type 2 and one to Type 3.

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Section: Positive Flashessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Positive Flashesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Some characteristics of positive and bipolar lightning flashes recorded on the Säntis tower in 2010 and 2011

Romero

Rubinstein²,

Rachidi

et al. 2012

2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is clear from Figure 1 that there is a discrepancy between the IEC predicted values and the actual measurement data, particularly in the high-amplitude region [8]. Due to the significant number of upward-initiated lightning strikes seen in WTs, there is a clear tendency that the statistical distribution of lightning current amplitudes-pertinent to the WT incidence-will be associated with lower median values, as has been already observed from several wind farm measurements [7][8][9]. It is also known that the median current amplitudes associated with upward-initiated lightning have values in the range between 8 kA and 12 kA [5].…”

Section: Lightning Incidence Of Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…This has been corroborated with observations and measurements of lightning strikes on wind turbines, carried out at different wind farms throughout the World, e.g., [7][8][9]. Hence, this fact would necessitate describing the lightning current parameters (i.e., the log-normal distribution) which is associated solely and particularly with strikes to wind turbines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

A Review of Current Issues in State-of-Art of Wind Farm Overvoltage Protection

Sarajčev

Goić

2011

Energies

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This paper elaborates on several important outstanding issues in the state-of-art of overvoltage protection selection for modern wind farms. The lack of experience with this still-new technology, together with the inherent complexity of wind farm electrical systems, entails several unresolved issues pertinent to the topic of overvoltage protection, particularly in relation to lightning-initiated surges. Firstly, several aspects of the wind turbine lightning incidence, along with the issues related to the selection of lightning current parameters (pertinent to the wind farm overvoltage protection), are addressed in this paper. Secondly, several issues in the state-of-art models of the wind farm electrical systems-for the lightning surge analysis-are addressed and discussed. Here, a well-known ElectroMagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) software package is often employed, with all of its benefits and some limitations. Thirdly, the metal-oxide surge arrester energy capability and the issues related to the selection of the surge arrester rated energy-in relation to the direct lightning strikes to wind turbines-is addressed. Finally, some general considerations concerning the overvoltage protection selection for wind farm projects, particularly regarding the installation of the metal-oxide surge arresters, are provided as well.

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“…Conversely, upward lightning discharges have significantly lower current amplitudes than their upward counterpart, which is similar to the median currents of subsequent return-strokes [6]. For instant, Miki et al [28] observed upward positive lightning with median current of 6.5 kA from wind turbines in Japan, while Diendorfer et al [29] recorded upward negative lightning with median current of 9.2 kA and standard deviation of 0.58 on the Gaisberg Tower, Austria.…”

Section: Lightning Parameter and Wave Shapesmentioning

confidence: 94%

The impact of multiple lightning strokes on the energy absorbed by MOV surge arresters in wind farms during direct lightning strikes

Malcolm

Aggarwal

2015

Renewable Energy

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a b s t r a c tThis paper proposes a modelling and simulation process for assessing the energy absorption capability of metal oxide varistor (MOV) surge arresters used for lightning protection of wind turbines electrical systems situated in wind farms, when exposed to multiple lightning strokes. A section of an existing wind farm, suitable for lightning transient overvoltage analysis is implemented in the Electromagnetic transients programme-Alternative transients programme (EMTP-ATP) environment and modelled as a test system for analysing the energy absorbed by the medium voltage surge arresters when multiple lightning strokes are terminated on one of the blade of the wind turbines. Two well-established sets of multiple lightning current parameters are employed in the EMTP-ATP simulations; the natural downward negative multiple lightning strokes recommended by CIGRE TB 549 (2013) and the downward positive multiple lightning strokes recommended by IEC 61400-24-2010 for lightning protection level one (LPL1). The results show that the subsequent stroke causes the surge arresters to absorbed less than ten percent additional energy compared to that of the first stroke. This comparative analysis could be found beneficial when designing lightning overvoltage protection system and for selecting the most cost effective and optimal energy absorption capabilities of the surge arresters for the intended wind farms.

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Observation of lightning flashes to wind turbines

Cited by 36 publications

References 2 publications

Some characteristics of positive and bipolar lightning flashes recorded on the Säntis tower in 2010 and 2011

Some characteristics of positive and bipolar lightning flashes recorded on the Säntis tower in 2010 and 2011

A Review of Current Issues in State-of-Art of Wind Farm Overvoltage Protection

The impact of multiple lightning strokes on the energy absorbed by MOV surge arresters in wind farms during direct lightning strikes

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Observation of lightning flashes to wind turbines

Cited by 36 publications

References 2 publications

Some characteristics of positive and bipolar lightning flashes recorded on the S&#x00E4;ntis tower in 2010 and 2011

Some characteristics of positive and bipolar lightning flashes recorded on the S&#x00E4;ntis tower in 2010 and 2011

A Review of Current Issues in State-of-Art of Wind Farm Overvoltage Protection

The impact of multiple lightning strokes on the energy absorbed by MOV surge arresters in wind farms during direct lightning strikes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Some characteristics of positive and bipolar lightning flashes recorded on the Säntis tower in 2010 and 2011

Some characteristics of positive and bipolar lightning flashes recorded on the Säntis tower in 2010 and 2011