“…Even though the RP load flow affects the line losses and the bus voltage and the active power load flow and its costs, unfortunately, the costs of producing and transmitting RP have received little attention [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. One reason for this lack of attention is the inherent difficulty in understanding this issue, particularly by economists [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Another reason for the lack of serious attention to RP is the low production price compared to active power [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”