Obesity effects on depression: systematic review of epidemiological studies

Atlantis, Evan; Baker, Michael K.

doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.54

Cited by 319 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…This cut-off has been used in previous systematic reviews of observational studies. 25,26 We identified pertinent confounders through the literature and included demographic variables (age, gender, ethnicity, marital status and socioeconomic status (SES)), health variables (chronic conditions and self-reported health) and lifestyle variables (physical activity, smoking status). Reporting on the methodological aspects of the studies rather than relying on a numerical score for quality is considered more appropriate for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,71,72 It is noteworthy that an avoidant coping style has been associated with impaired eating behavior. 73,74 In addition, psychiatric conditions are often comorbid and some psychiatric illnesses have been found to lead to weight gain, including eating disorders, 75,76 mood disorders 26,46 and personality disorders. 46 When considering the link from obesity to anxiety, the definition of anxiety should be kept in mind.…”

Section: Anxiety Time Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

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The association between obesity and anxiety disorders in the population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2009

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Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in developed countries. Obesity is hypothesized to be a risk factor for anxiety disorders but evidence supporting an association between these two conditions is not clear. The objectives of this paper were to systematically review the literature for a link between obesity and anxiety disorders in the general population, and to present a pooled estimate of association. We performed a systematic search for epidemiological articles reporting on obesity (explanatory variable) and anxiety disorders (outcome variable) in seven bibliographical databases. Two independent reviewers abstracted the data and assessed study quality. We found 16 studies (2 prospective and 14 cross-sectional) that met the selection criteria. Measures of effect from prospective data were mixed but cross-sectional evidence suggested a positive association between obesity and anxiety. The pooled odds ratio from cross-sectional studies was 1.4 (confidence interval: 1.2-1.6). Subgroup analyses revealed a positive association in men and women. Overall, a moderate level of evidence exists for a positive association between obesity and anxiety disorders. Questions remain regarding the role of obesity severity and subtypes of anxiety disorders. The causal relationship from obesity to anxiety disorders could not be inferred from current data; future etiologic studies are recommended.

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Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anxiety Time Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

The association between obesity and anxiety disorders in the population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2009

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“…33 An increased risk of cardiovascular events has also been described as being related to depression in literature. 34,35 The consequences of insomnia for mental health have still not been fully investigated, but it has been found that the condition can increase the risk of depression. 18 In a study of 196 subjects aged 62 to 65 Yokoyama et al 18 found an association between depression and sleep disturbance, and identified a bidirectional relationship between the two.…”

Section: Sleep Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associação da depressão com as características sociodemográficas, qualidade do sono e hábitos de vida em idosos do Nordeste brasileiro: estudo seccional de base populacional

Lopes

Fernandes

Dantas

et al. 2015

Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.

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Introduction: Depressive disorders can be defined as episodes of depressed mood or loss of interest and pleasure in nearly all activities. Depression is considered a major mental disorder in the elderly, and may be related to quality of sleep and living habits as well as being influenced by sociodemographic factors. Objective: To determine the prevalence of depression among the elderly in the north-east of Brazil, and the relationship between the condition and socio-demographic profile, quality of sleep and living habits. Method: An epidemiological cross-sectional study was performed of the elderly population of the urban area of Campina Grande, Paraiba. The dependent variable presence of depression and the independent variables sociodemographic aspects, sleep quality, and living habits were investigated. Estimates of the prevalence of the variables were obtained and association measured using Poisson Regression. A 5% significance level was adopted for the estimates. Results: The study included 168 elderly patients with a mean age of 72.3 (±7.8) years, most of whom, 122 (72.6%), were women. Depression was identified in 72 elderly persons (42.9%). Elderly women were twice as associated with depression (PR=2.26) as men. A subjective quality of sleep of very good (PR=0.34), medium/high risk of sleep disturbance (PR = 4.08), taking sleeping medications once or twice (PR=5.21) and three times or more (PR=8.69) a week, daytime dysfunction once or twice (PR=14.40) and three times or more (PR=27) a week and poor quality of sleep on the Pittsburgh index were associated with depression in bivariate analysis, although there was no relationship following multivariable adjustment. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression was high in the studied population, being noticeably more frequent among elderly woman. However, it was not possible to detect an association between depression and living habits and sleep quality.

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“…Some prior reviews (Atlantis and Baker, 2008; Markowitz, Friedman, & Arent, 2008; Preiss, Brennan, & Clarke, 2013) suggest that gender only influences the relationship between obesity and depression/depressive symptoms in the U.S. specifically because of the “special” high value placed on body perfection. Certainly, U.S. women are at significantly greater risk of feeling weight‐related stigma and for body concern‐related depression than men, in part because the social norms of slimness are so tied to femininity and greater female body capital/upward mobility (Anderson‐Fye and Brewis, 2017; Brewis, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight, gender, and depressive symptoms in South Korea

Brewis

Han

SturtzSreetharan

2017

American J Hum Biol

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ObjectivesObesity consistently predicts depression risk, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Body concerns are proposed as key. South Korean society is characterized by extremely high levels of explicit weight stigma, possibly the highest globally. Using cross‐sectional Korean 2014 National Health Examination Survey (KNHANES) data, we test this proposition in a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults (N = 5,632).MethodsDepressive symptoms (outcome variable), was based on the PHQ‐9. Weight status (predictor variable), was based on direct measures of height and weight converted to BMI. Weight concern was self‐reported. Mediation analyses tested how weight concern mediated the influence of weight status on depressive symptoms for women and men.ResultsCurrent weight status influenced depressive symptoms in Korean adults, but not always directly. Concerns of being “fat” mediated that relationship. The effect increased significantly as BMI increased within “normal” and overweight/obese categories for women, and in overweight/obese categories for men. Even though women classified as underweight were significantly more depressed than those in other weight categories, there was no similar mediation effect related to weight concerns.ConclusionFor South Koreans, the stress of adhering to social norms and avoiding stigma related to body weight seems to explain the relationship between higher body weight and more depressive symptoms. Women are more vulnerable overall, but men are not immune. This study demonstrates that body concerns help explain why weight predicts depression, and more broadly supports the proposition that widespread weight‐related stigma is a potentially major, if unrecognized, driver of population‐level health disparities.

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Obesity effects on depression: systematic review of epidemiological studies

Cited by 319 publications

References 69 publications

The association between obesity and anxiety disorders in the population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The association between obesity and anxiety disorders in the population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Associação da depressão com as características sociodemográficas, qualidade do sono e hábitos de vida em idosos do Nordeste brasileiro: estudo seccional de base populacional

Weight, gender, and depressive symptoms in South Korea

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