Obesidade versus Ocupações: papeis ocupacionais de adultos com obesidade/Obesety versus occupations: Occupational roles of obese adults

Abstract

Introdução: Atualmente, a obesidade é considerada um grave problema de saúde pública, pois além de ser uma doença, é um fator de risco para progressão e desenvolvimento de outras doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Objetivo: Compreender a percepção de indivíduos com obesidade quanto à participação em papeis ocupacionais, grau de importância atribuído a cada papel e padrão de desempenho de papeis ocupacionais ao longo da vida. Método: Configura-se como um estudo transversal do tipo exploratório de caráter descritivo, com análise quantitativa dos dados. Como instrumento, utilizou-se a Lista de Identificação de Papéis Ocupacionais. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 65 indivíduos com obesidade, 87,7% (n=57) era do sexo feminino e 12,3% (n=8) do sexo masculino, tendo como média de idade 42 anos e 9 meses. Constatou-se que o papel mais comum no passado foi o de estudante e com relação ao presente e futuro, os papeis mais citados foram os de serviço doméstico e membro da família. Quanto ao grau de importância, identificou-se que os indivíduos valorizam os papeis ocupacionais, atribuindo maior valorização aos papeis de membro da família e trabalho, e menor proporção de valor ao papel de participação em organizações. Conclusão: A condição de obesidade pode interferir no modo como o indivíduo se envolve e desempenha suas ocupações, evidenciando a terapia ocupacional como uma estratégia importante no enfrentamento da obesidade. AbstractIntroduction: Currently, obesity is considered a serious public health problem, since it is also a disease, it is a risk factor for progression and development of other chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: To understand the perception of individuals with obesity regarding the participation in occupational roles throughout life, about the degree of importance attributed to each role, and in a complementary way to identify the performance pattern of occupational roles in Long life. Method: It is configured as a cross-sectional exploratory study of descriptive character, with quantitative analysis of the data, as an instrument used the identification list of occupational roles. Results: The sample consisted of 65 obese individuals. Of these, 87.7% (n = 57) were females and 12.3% (n = 8) were males, with a mean age of 42 years 9 months. It was found that the most common role in the past was that of student and in relation to the present and future the most cited roles were those of domestic service and family member. As to the degree of importance, it was identified that the individuals value the occupational roles, attributing greater value to the roles of family members and work, and less appreciation of the role of participation in organizations. Conclusion: The condition of obesity can interfere in the way the individual engages and performs his occupations, thus placing the occupational therapy professional as an important member in coping with obesity.Key words: Obesity, Activities of Daily Living, Occupations, Occupational Therapy.ResumenIntroducción: Actualmente, la obesidad se considera un grave problema de salud pública, ya que es también una enfermedad, es un factor de riesgo para la progresión y el desarrollo de otras enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo: comprender la percepción de los individuos con obesidad con respecto a la participación en los roles ocupacionales a lo largo de la vida, sobre el grado de importancia atribuido a cada función, y de manera complementaria para identificar el patrón de desempeño de los roles ocupacionales en Larga vida. Método: se configura como un estudio exploratorio transversal de carácter descriptivo, con análisis cuantitativo de los datos, como instrumento utilizó la lista de identificación de roles ocupacionales. Resultados: la muestra consistió en 65 individuos obesos. De ellos, 87,7% (n = 57) fueron hembras y 12,3% (n = 8) fueron varones, con una edad media de 42 años 9 meses. Se descubrió que el papel más común en el pasado era el de los estudiantes y en relación con el presente y el futuro, los papeles más citados eran los del servicio doméstico y el miembro de la familia. En cuanto al grado de importancia se identificó que los individuos valoran los papeles ocupacionales, atribuyendo mayor valoración a los papeles de miembro de la familia y trabajo, y menor valorización al papel de participación en organizaciones. Conclusión: la condición de la obesidad puede interferir en la forma en que el individuo se involucra y realiza sus ocupaciones, colocando así al profesional de la terapia ocupacional como un miembro importante para hacer frente a la obesidad.Palabras clave: Obesidad, Actividades Cotidianas, Ocupaciones, Terapia Ocupacional.

Overweight in Brazil: evolution and interface with health policies / Excesso de peso no Brasil: evolução e interface com as políticas de saúde

“…14 Thus, faced with the urgency of a specific policy that would meet the real needs inherent to strengthening the quality of food and nutrition of the population and its implications, the Brazilian government created a series of public policies about food and nutritional situations of the population. 1,15 The initial milestone occurred in 1940, with the creation of the Social Security Food Service (SAPS), giving rise to the first public policy actions aimed at the food and nutritional quality of the working class. 1 At the same time, other organizations were established to implement feeding policies, such as the National Technical Food Service (1942)(1943)(1944)(1945); Food Technology Institute (1944); and the National Food Commission .…”

“…1,15 The initial milestone occurred in 1940, with the creation of the Social Security Food Service (SAPS), giving rise to the first public policy actions aimed at the food and nutritional quality of the working class. 1 At the same time, other organizations were established to implement feeding policies, such as the National Technical Food Service (1942)(1943)(1944)(1945); Food Technology Institute (1944); and the National Food Commission . 16 From 1972 to 1997, the National Institute of Food and Nutrition (INAN) was created, which worked on the development of food and nutritional actions for groups at risk and/or nutritionally deprived, as well as the establishment of the National Food and Nutrition Program (PRONAN) focused on food and nutrition for pregnant women, trabalhadores, dentre outros grupos prioritários, conforme destacam Haack et al 16 As of 1990, the detection, description, and analysis of the food and nutritional trends of Brazilians began to be registered by SISVAN.…”

“…17 In 1999, the PNAN was created and began to guide strategies, not only for the eradication of hunger and malnutrition in the country, but also for the prevention and treatment of obesity. 1 In 2004, the strengthening of discussions inherent to Food and Nutritional Security became a priority, culminating in the approval of the Organic Law of Food and Nutritional Security and the creation of the National System of Food and Nutritional Security in 2006. 18 In 2006, the Health Promotion Program was created, having as its strategic axis the Promotion of Adequate and Healthy Food, a set of strategies that provide individuals and communities with food practices appropriate to their biological and sociocultural aspects and the sustainable use of the environment.…”

“…Finally, aiming to contain the growth of obesity in the Brazilian territory, an action plan with goals to be achieved by 2022 (MS, 2020) was prepared, with a set of programs defined by the Ministry of Health, interpose a series of guidelines that are able to propose advances that reduce the rates of overweight and obesity as of the insertion of the disease in the "Health Care Network for People with Chronic Diseases", through the SUS. 1,24…”

“…Because of this, it has been the subject of national and international research. 1,2,3 In Brazil, over the last three decades, evidence has accumulated of a considerable increase in obesity in all states, which leads to an urgent need for reflection to support the debate on public health policies to fight obesity and the respective prevention strategies for this serious public health problem. 4 Obesity is defined as the expansion of white adipose tissue, resulting from the excessive accumulation of body fat, conditioned by the inflammatory process of the organ responsible for storing lipids, increasing the production of fatty acids and that, consequently, in this deregulation caused by obesity, the pathogenesis of numerous diseases occurs.…”