Obese type 2 diabetics have a blunted hypotensive response to acute hyperthermia therapy that does not affect the perception of thermal stress or physiological strain compared to healthy adults

Rivas, Eric; Newmire, Dan E.; Ben-Ezra, V.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.026

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The affective and thermal perceptual responses to heating are an important aspect of our investigation because tolerability is often cited as a barrier to adherence to whole-body protocols (8,9). A wealth of literature in exercise psychology suggests that affect is an important factor that drives human motivation to exercise.…”

Section: Cheng Et Al Acute Lower Limb Heating and Vascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equipment required for whole-body heating is typically expensive (e.g., sauna or hot tub) or accessible only with additional subscriptions (e.g., gym membership). Furthermore, whole-body heating as performed in experimental studies has been reported as thermally uncomfortable, which may limit longer-term adherence to this therapy (8)(9)(10). Similar to exercise prescription, heat stress can be modified based on several parameters to determine the magnitude of physiological stress (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvements in vascular function in response to acute lower limb heating in young healthy males and females

Cheng

Williams

Hoekstra

et al. 2021

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Regular exposure to passive heat stress improves vascular function, but the optimal heating prescription remains undefined. Local limb heating is more feasible than whole body heating, but the evidence demonstrating its efficacy is lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute improvements in vascular function can be achieved with lower limb heating in 16 young healthy individuals (8 female, 8 male). In separate visits, participants underwent 45-min of ankle- and knee-level hot water immersion (45 °C). A subset of 7 participants also participated in a time-control visit. Endothelial function was assessed through simultaneous brachial and superficial femoral artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) tests. Macrovascular function was quantified by %FMD, while microvascular function was quantified by vascular conductance during reactive hyperemia. Arterial stiffness was assessed through carotid-femoral and femoral-foot pulse wave velocity (PWV). Plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 and extracellular heat shock protein-72 (eHSP72) were used as indicators of inflammation. Our findings showed that 45-min of lower limb heating - regardless of condition - acutely improved upper limb macrovascular endothelial function (i.e., brachial %FMD; Pre: 4.6±1.7 vs. Post: 5.4±2.0%; P=0.004) and lower limb arterial stiffness (i.e., femoral-foot PWV; Pre: 8.4±1.2 vs. Post: 7.7±1.1 m/s; P=0.011). However, only knee-level heating increased upper limb microvascular endothelial function (i.e., brachial peak vascular conductance; Pre: 6.3±2.7 vs. Post: 7.8±3.5 ml/min⋅mmHg; P≤0.050) and plasma eHSP72 concentration (Pre: 12.4±9.4 vs. Post: 14.8±9.8 ng/ml; P≤0.050). These findings show that local lower limb heating acutely improves vascular function in younger individuals, with knee-level heating improving more outcome measures.

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Section: Cheng Et Al Acute Lower Limb Heating and Vascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements in vascular function in response to acute lower limb heating in young healthy males and females

Cheng

Williams

Hoekstra

et al. 2021

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…However, the skin is a major contributor to thermal perception during rest and exercise (Schlader et al., 2010). There are strong correlations between both body temperature and thermal sensation, whereas rectal temperature accounted for about 60% and skin accounted for about 40% of thermal sensation during resting hyperthermia (Rivas et al., 2016). For this study, we found that with sex matched hyperthermia body temperatures, females reported thermal perceptual sensation to be hotter, perceived greater thermal discomfort, and felt more unpleasant, compared to males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Thermal Comfort, Perception, Feeling, Stress and Focus During Exercise Hyperthermia

et al. 2021

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It is unclear whether men and women perceive thermal stress differently when changes in intestinal temperature (ΔTin) and metabolic heat production (MHprod) are matched between sexes during exercise hyperthermia. This study tested the hypothesis that females have enhanced sensitivity to comfort and perception of thermal stress during exercise hyperthermia in these conditions. We had 22 healthy active adults (11 males, 11 females; M age = 22.4 years, SD = 4.9 ; M height = 169 cm, SD = 7.6; M weight = 68.3 kg, SD = 13) exercise in random order, separated by at least three days at similar MHprod ( M = 7.0 W/kg, SD = 1.5; p = 0.32) for 60 minutes on a cycle ergometer in cool ( M = 24.00C, SD = 0.0; M = 14.4%Rh, SD = 3.6) and hot ( M = 42.3°C, SD = 0.2; M = 10-60%Rh) environments with a progressive increase in humidity conditions. We measured ΔTin, and thermal stress indices for sensation (TS), comfort (TC), pleasantness (TP), and stickiness (S), feeling (FS scale), stress (visual analogue stress scale, VAS), focus (F) and felt arousal (FAS scale). We examined environmental conditions as wet bulb globe temperatures (WBGT). Males and females had similar increases in ΔTin (ME: WBGT; p < 0.0001), and both groups reported increased TS and TC and decreased TP (ME: WBGT, p ≤ 0.01). However, females reported that TS, TC, and TP, felt hotter overall, more uncomfortable, and more unpleasant, compared to males (ME: Sex; p < 0.04). Overall, females felt worse and were more stressed compared to males (ME: Sex; p ≤ 0.05). Females also reported greater internal focus as WBGT increased compared to males (I: WBGT × Sex; p < 0.003). Knowing that females perceive thermal stress during exercise hyperthermia to be hotter, more uncomfortable, more unpleasant, and more stressful compared to males can help coaches/trainers plan different exercise routines for exercisers of both sexes.

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“…Furthermore, hot water immersion is, in general, deemed safe (Thompson et al, 2017). Although heat illness has been pointed out by some as a potential consequence of taking a hot bath (Hoekstra et al, 2020), no ill health effects were observed in studies that had participants with impaired thermoregulatory capacity (i.e., spinal cord injury and diabetic patients, and elderly people) submerged up to the nipple line/neck in 39 °C-42 °C water for 20-60 min (Hooper et al, 1999;Gass et al, 2001;Rivas et al, 2016;Akerman et al, 2019;Yamashiro et al, 2020;James et al, 2021). Theoretically, the risk for heat stroke associated with the hot water immersion treatment described by Bailey et al (2016) previously in the text is low because this treatment induces an increase in body core temperature no higher than 38 °C.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot water immersion could be an effective alternative to physical exercise in improving cardiovascular fitness during the COVID-19 pandemic

Kjertakov

Petersen²

2022

Front. Physiol.

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Obese type 2 diabetics have a blunted hypotensive response to acute hyperthermia therapy that does not affect the perception of thermal stress or physiological strain compared to healthy adults

Cited by 8 publications

References 65 publications

Improvements in vascular function in response to acute lower limb heating in young healthy males and females

Improvements in vascular function in response to acute lower limb heating in young healthy males and females

Sex Differences in Thermal Comfort, Perception, Feeling, Stress and Focus During Exercise Hyperthermia

Hot water immersion could be an effective alternative to physical exercise in improving cardiovascular fitness during the COVID-19 pandemic

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