O impacto dos aditivos do tabaco na toxicidade da fumaça do cigarro: uma avaliação crítica dos estudos patrocinados pela indústria do fumo

Paumgartten, Francisco José Roma; Gomes-Carneiro, Maria Regina; Oliveira, Ana Raquel Soares de

doi:10.1590/0102-311x00132415

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Na composição do cigarro, além da nicotina, existem outras substâncias adicionadas pela indústria como diversos aromatizantes, umidificantes, conservantes, e outros componentes químicos 18 . As reações no organismo causadas por esses componentes prolongam-se e tornamse crônicas devido ao uso contínuo, que é mantido pela dependência à nicotina.…”

Section: Tabagismounclassified

Fatores ambientais envolvidos na Fisiopatologia da Esclerose Múltipla: uma revisão bibliográfica / Environmental factors involved in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis: a bibliographic review

Carvalho¹,

Fogari²,

Caparroz³

et al. 2022

Braz. J. Hea. Rev.

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Introdução: Esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença inflamatória crônica, desmielinizante e autoimune; sendo mais incidente geograficamente em altas latitudes. Sendo sua etiologia ainda discutida, a hipótese mais aceita é que ela seja fruto da interação gene-ambiente, com destaque para 3 fatores: infecção pelo vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV), deficiência de vitamina D e tabagismo. Objetivo: Identificar hipóteses de interação entre tais fatores e o desenvolvimento da EM. Método: Estudo de revisão bibliográfica narrativa, cuja metodologia baseia-se na busca pelas palavras chaves "multiple sclerosis", "environmental factors", "smoking", "Epstein Barr virus" e "vitamin D" em bibliotecas virtuais de pesquisa PubMed e Google Acadêmico durante os meses de outubro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021, selecionados artigos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2021, elegidos 60 artigos. Resultados: A relação entre EBV e EM pode ser explicada pela reação contra auto-proteínas e formação de células autorreativas que levariam a um processo inflamatório constante culminante com a desmielinização, bem como o dano específico a proteínas dos oligodendrócitos. A vitamina D é uma importante substância imunorreguladora, por essa razão, sua deficiência vem sendo estudada em indivíduos

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Section: Tabagismounclassified

Fatores ambientais envolvidos na Fisiopatologia da Esclerose Múltipla: uma revisão bibliográfica / Environmental factors involved in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis: a bibliographic review

Carvalho¹,

Fogari²,

Caparroz³

et al. 2022

Braz. J. Hea. Rev.

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“…Proper use of a medicinal plant is essential and starts with the acquisition of the plant material and is followed by its processing. On one hand, the scientific community is still in debate regarding the potential harmfulness inherent in the methods of producing and processing industrial tobacco (Arcury and Quandt 2006;Paumgartten et al 2017); on the other hand, within certain traditional contexts, including those of the Peruvian Amazon (Tresca et al 2020), it is clear that the methods implemented for collecting, processing, and transforming a plant into a benign (and not harmful) product are fundamental steps in obtaining a remedy of good quality, safety, and efficacy. The modern industrialized approach to producing and processing tobacco is certainly not in line with the traditional methods used for preparing an herbal medicine, at least in the Peruvian Amazonian tradition (Tresca et al 2020), so the issue of elucidating the plant's true biological character is further complicated by these cultural differences in the production process.…”

Section: Tobacco As Master Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of tobacco purge in a therapeutic community for the treatment of substance use disorders

Rumlerová

Kube

Simonet³

et al. 2022

Anthropol of Consciousness

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In the Peruvian Amazon, tobacco (Nicotiana rustica) is considered a master plant and is the main curing tool of local healers. Among its several medicinal uses, we find drinking tobacco juice with the purpose of purging in order to heal on a physical, mental, and spiritual level. This specific practice is part of the addiction treatment protocol developed at Takiwasi Center. The goal of this investigation was to focus on the effects of the tobacco purge as reported by therapists at Takiwasi and to elaborate its relevance within the context of addiction treatment. In order to obtain information on this topic, we performed research fieldwork based on a participant‐observation approach, and retrospective data analysis on information from interviews conducted by psychotherapists with patients. As alleged effects of the tobacco purge, therapists reported that patients experienced feelings of mental clarity with the greatest frequency (n = 80), followed by noteworthy physical effects including discomfort and intoxication (n = 63). An effect on sleep and dreams was also common (n = 36) and many found the experience directly related to addiction treatment and the desire to consume substances (n = 20).

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“…Tobacco additives include flavorings, enhancers, humectants, sugars, and ammonium compounds. (1) Nicotine is an addictive substance in cigarettes which causes regular intake of the cigarette smoke that leads to health harms and death. Today, the uncountable negative effects of cigarette smoking are widely accepted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myogenin level tends to decrease in adult male cigarette smokers

et al. 2020

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Background The World Health Organization has warned that cigarette smoking is an avoidable risk factor for endothelial injury. Myogenin might play a role in muscle metabolism and energy utilization. Electrolytes and minerals are involved in most cellular activities. The objective of this study was to compare myogenin and electrolyte levels between adult male cigarette smokers (CS) and non-smokers (NS). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 90 subjects, consisting of 55 CS and 35 NS. The sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine myogenin levels while the ion-selective electrode method was used to determine electrolyte levels. The levels of sodium, potassium, and chloride and the body mass index (BMI) were measured. Mann-Whitney and independent t-test were used to analyse the data. Results The BMI of CS was significantly lower than that of NS (p < 0.05). The mean serum levels of sodium (145.23 ± 1.87), potassium (4.00 ± 0.31) and chloride (103.95 ± 1.60) were significantly higher in the CS than in the NS (these being 142.38 ± 2.49, 3.83 ± 0.33, and 101.48 ± 2.08, respectively) (p<0.05). Myogenin levels (44.24 ± 14.60 pg/mL) tended to decrease in the CS group compared to the NS group (59.66 ± 61.73 pg/mL), but the difference was statistically not significant (p=0.769). Conclusion The study demonstrated that higher concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride with lower concentrations of myogenin in smokers may be associated with higher risk of skeletal muscle tissue injury probably due to the inability of the affected small blood vessels to transport electrolytes to tissues.

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O impacto dos aditivos do tabaco na toxicidade da fumaça do cigarro: uma avaliação crítica dos estudos patrocinados pela indústria do fumo

Abstract: Cigarette production involves a number of substances and materials other

Cited by 13 publications

References 65 publications

Fatores ambientais envolvidos na Fisiopatologia da Esclerose Múltipla: uma revisão bibliográfica / Environmental factors involved in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis: a bibliographic review

Fatores ambientais envolvidos na Fisiopatologia da Esclerose Múltipla: uma revisão bibliográfica / Environmental factors involved in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis: a bibliographic review

Use of tobacco purge in a therapeutic community for the treatment of substance use disorders

Myogenin level tends to decrease in adult male cigarette smokers

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