O enigma da política industrial no Brasil

Abstract

RESUMOAo longo dos últimos 10 anos, o governo brasileiro lançou vários planos para promover a inovação da indústria e reforçar sua competitividade a nível nacional. No entanto, os resultados têm se mostrado pobres devido às distorções criadas por alguns instrumentos herdados da época da substituição de importações, tais como altas tarifas sobre bens intermediários e de máquinas, regras de conteúdo local e proteção antidumping. Este artigo destaca o papel desempenhado por esses instrumentos usando dois exemplos: investigações antidumping e uma regra de conteúdo local peculiar que só existe no Brasil, o chamado Processo Produtivo Básico (PPB).

The Political Economy of Brazilian Industrial Policy (2003 - 2014): Main Vectors, Shortcomings and Directions to Improve Effectiveness

“…A related criticism is that most of the measures neither corrected market failures nor promoted diversification or improvement in technological capacity. As a consequence, the impacts on competitiveness were insignificant (Araújo Jr, 2015). A further related problem was the lack of evaluation: in general, there were only counterfactual arguments saying that in the absence of the policy things would be worse (De Toni, 2013).…”

“…In 2016, imports responded for approximately 14% of GDP , one of the lowest levels in the world (Bacha, 2016). In addition, Brazil became a world champion in antidumping policies: from july 2012 to june 2013, for the third consecutive year, Brazil was the world leader in the opening of antidumping investigations, having a number above the sum of the United States and Europe (Araújo Jr, 2015). The excess of antidumping practices contributed to one of the highest rates of industrial protection in the world.…”