O Crescimento de duas espécies florestais pioneiras, pau-de-balsa (Ochroma lagopus Sw.) e caroba (Jacaranda copaia D. Don), usadas para recuperação de áreas degradadas pela agricultura na Amazônia Central, Brasil

Abstract

. RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o crescimento das espécies florestais pioneiras pau-de-balsa (Ochroma lagopus Sw.) e caroba (Jacaranda copaia D. Don) para a recuperação de áreas degradadas pela agricultura. Na área, situada no km 120 da BR-174, tinha sido plantado mandioca e banana e abandonada há 8 anos, formando uma capoeira de porte baixo e rala. O experimento foi instalado em maio/98, com e sem gradagem da área. O espaçamento foi de 3x3m, em covas de 20 cm (diâmetro) x 30 cm (profundidade), com adubação de 150g/cova de NPK (4-16-8) e calcário dolomítico na proporção de 3:1. Para a avaliação do crescimento, foram medidas a altura e o diâmetro das plantas aos 2 meses (julho/98) e a cada ano aproximadamente (junho/99, setembro/00 e maio/01). Os dados foram analisados através do delineamento inteiramente casualisado. A sobrevivência do pau-de-balsa foi maior em área gradeada (97,1%) do que em area não gradeada (92,5%), após o primeiro ano do plantio; da caroba, foi cerca de 90% e sem diferenças entre as areas. A altura e diâmetro do pau-de-balsa, foram maiores em área gradeada, a partir do primeiro ano, chegando no terceiro ano a 11,85 m de altura e 11,42 cm de diâmetro. Na caroba, a diferença ocorreu a partir do segundo ano e no terceiro chegou a 8,37 m de altura e 11,18 cm de diâmetro. Além de outros fatores inerentes às espécies, o solo mais friável das áreas gradeadas, possibilitou um maior crescimento em altura e diâmetro das duas espécies estudadas. Palavras-chave:Ochroma lagopus, Jacaranda copaia, áreas degradadas, Amazônia, Brasil.Growth of two forest pioneer species, pau-de-balsa (Ochroma lagopus Sw.) e caroba (Jacaranda copaia D. Don), used for rehabilitation of degraded areas from agriculture in Central Amazon, Brazil.ABSTRACT -The objective of experiment was study the growth of pioneer forest species paude-balsa (Ochroma lagopus) and caroba (Jacaranda copaia) to rehabilitate degraded areas from agriculture. The experiment carried out at Br-174, km 120. After the use for cassava and banana plantations the area was abandoned for 8 years. The secondary forest that took place was of low height and sparse trees. The experiment was installed at may/98 and composed by harrowed and no harrowed areas. The seedlings were planted in 3 x 3 m spacing, in 20 cm diameter by 30 cm deep holes, with 150g of fertilizer NPK (4-16-8) and dolomite limestone in the proportion 3:1.To evaluation the growth were measured the height and diameter in july/98 and each year, approximately (June/99, September/00 and May/01). The data were obtained from planted species comparing harrowed and no harrowed areas in a full random design. The survival of pau-debalsa, was greater in harrowed area (97,1%) in relation to no harrowed area (92,5%) after one year of planting; and the survival of caroba, was 90% after one year of planting and showed no

Estimativa de parâmetros genéticos em sementes de caroba

“…Neste contexto, a escolha da fonte adequada de sementes para programas de reflorestamento é importante, pois permite que a sobrevivência e o crescimento das plantas sejam garantidos, aumentando o fundo genético da geração seguinte (Biernaski et al, 2012).…”

Silvicultural performance of five forest species in the central Brazilian Amazon

“…The DBH growth of Jacaranda copaia did not differ significantly among different spacings (Sampaio et al 1989). The species also responded with higher DBH values when the soil was harrowed (Barbosa et al 2003). Successful plantation results have raised the interest in Jacaranda copaia as a silvicultural species in the Amazon region (Tonini et al 2008).…”

“…Apart from plantation age, the variability in performance within species observed in Table 5 may also have been influenced by differences in other parameters, such as spacing, soil characteristics, climatic conditions, quality of seedlings, and preparation of the planting area (Barbosa et al 2003). In 16-year-old monospecific plantations of Jacaranda copaia in Manaus (Amazonas State) the survival rates of trees, as well as DBH, increased with increased spacing (Sampaio et al 1989).…”

Natural Fiber Polymer Composites Technology Applied to the Recovery and Protection of Tropical Forests Allied to the Recycling of Industrial and Urban Residues

“…Unfortunately, this natural recovery process cannot keep pace with the very high rates of destruction caused by human activities. Recent studies (Barbosa et al, 2003) have shown that a clever Short Cycle Agrosilviculture System can be used in deforested areas. These pioneer plants can be cultivated with the purpose of collecting fibers and wood of commercial interest, to be used, for example, in wood flour and fiber polymer composites.…”

“…As mentioned before, balsa wood (BW) is one of the very fast growing pioneer native species in a plantation on degraded pastureland near Manaus, AM, Brazil (Barbosa et al, 2003). Balsa wood is a very light weight wood and the residues from the processing of sticks, blocks and sheets for model airplanes and building models were used.…”