Nylon-6-Coated Doxorubicin-Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles and Nanocapsules for Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Nanoplatforms used for the loading of anticancer drugs constitute a promising approach to cancer treatment and reducing the side effects of these drugs. Among the cutting-edge systems used in this area are magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) and nanocapsules (NCs). MNCs are considered to constitute a smart tool for magnetic-field-guided targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and hyperthermia therapy. Nanocapsules offer great potential due to their ability to control drug-loading capacity, their release efficiency, their stability, and the ease with which their surfaces can be modified. This study proposes a method for the development of nylon-6-coated MNCs and nylon-6 polymeric membrane NCs. A biocompatible nylon-6 polymer was first used for NC synthesis. Oleic-acid-modified and non-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized for the production of nylon-coated MNCs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ζ-potential measurements were used to perform size, morphology, and charge analyses. The above-mentioned two types of MNCs were considered templates for the manufacture of nylon nanocapsules, leading to NCs with different charges and structures. The developed oleic-acid-coated nylon-6 MNCs and NCs showed excellent loading values of the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) of up to 732 and 943 µg/mg (DOX/MNC or NC), respectively. On the contrary, the capacity of the nano-construction that was not modified with oleic acid did not exceed 140 µg/mg. The DOX-loaded nanosystems displayed pH-sensitive drug release properties, for which the highest efficiency was observed at an acidic pH. The series of DOX-loaded MNCs and NCs inhibited A549 and HEK 293FT cell lines, with the lowest IC50 value of 0.31 µM observed for the nanocapsules, which is a 1.5-fold lower concentration than the free DOX. Therefore, the presented nanoscale systems offer great potential for cancer treatment.

Characterizing Aptamer Interaction with the Oncolytic Virus VV-GMCSF-Lact

“…The dynamic light-scattering (DLS), zeta-potential and polydispersity index measurements were taken on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano device (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK) at 37 °C in solutions with different ratios of viral particles (2. 8 × 10 8 PFU/mL) to aptamer (10 μM) and different dilutions in serum [ 44 ]. All DLS results were calculated as the average of at least triplicate measurements and presented as mean ± SD.…”

Recent Advances in the Development of Drug Delivery Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials

“…The magnetic composites demonstrated good loading capacity and pH-dependent release behavior. Cytotoxicity studies were performed on lung cancer cell lines and showed increased toxicity of the DDS compared to free DOX [ 153 ].…”

Preparation of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Methylene Blue Capture

“…MNIP and MMIP had almost the same FTIR spectrum due to the same nylon-6 and MNP nature (Figure 7). The characteristic peaks were found at 1260 (C-N, N-H), 1382 (CH 2 wagging), 1550 (C-N, N-H), 1652 (amide C=O stretch), 2869 (CH 2 symmetric stretch), 2936 (CH 2 asymmetric stretch), 3307 (N-H stretch), and 3440 cm −1 (O-H and N-H stretch) [43,[57][58][59], which shows a good correlation with nylon-6 polymer (see https://spectra.chem.ut.ee/textile-fibres/polyamide/, accessed on 28 June 2023). Moreover, broad peaks at 580-700 cm −1 corresponded to a combination of nylon and magnetite stretches.…”

“…Nowadays, coated MNPs find vast applications in nanomedicine, magnetic separation, imaging, and theranostics [28,29,[45][46][47][48][49]. Previously [39,43], we have shown the possibility of nylon coating on MNPs for nucleic acid microextraction and therapeutic applications. The proposed approach makes it possible to design polymer matrices for various tasks; for example, sensing surfaces or microparticle sorbents.…”

“…Nylon provides high physical and chemical stability and low toxicity, which allows this biocompatible polymer to be used for manufacturing various medical tools [38][39][40][41]. Highly soluble in organic solvents, the polyamide polymer nylon can be re-precipitated and reformed easily, forming various types of porous structures [38,39,42,43], which in this work will be used for the first time for MMIPs synthesis. The introduction of ferrimagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 , MNPs) [33,34,36,44] into the nylon solution makes it possible to form MIPs on the surface of the nanoparticles, imparting magnetic properties to them.…”