Nutritional Sources of Vitamin K

Lipsky, James J.

doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61643-7

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…produced from bacteria in the gut is also controversial. According to some, this production is not a main source of vitamin K2 [36,37], but in the opinion of others these bacteria play an important role with regard to vitamin K status [38]. Animal studies have shown that vitamin K1 may be converted to K2 in tissues, making it even more difficult to distinguish between a potential effect of these two nutrients [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary vitamins K1, K2 and bone mineral density: the Hordaland Health Study

et al. 2010

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Associations between bone mineral density (BMD) and dietary vitamins K1 and K2 in 4,461 individuals were studied. For women, odds ratio of low BMD was 1.48 in lowest to highest quartile of K1. A weak positive association was found for K2. Our results do not support dietary vitamins K as being major determinants of BMD.Purpose Some studies suggest a positive association between intake of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) or vitamin K2 (menaquinone) and BMD. The objective was to examine associations between BMD and dietary vitamins K1 and K2.Methods BMD of the total hip was measured in 2,575 women and 1,886 men, 47-50 and 71-75 years, in the community-based Hordaland Health Study. Dietary vitamins K1 and K2 were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Low BMD was defined as the lowest BMDquintile for each age-sex group. Multiple linear, logistic and fractional polynomial regression analyses were applied. Results No significant associations between vitamin K1 or K2 intake and BMD were found in linear regression analyses. Comparing women in the highest to lowest quartile of vitamin K1 intake, an odds ratio of 1.48 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 2.04) for low BMD was found. This was not found among men or for vitamin K2 intake in either gender. A weak, positive association between log (vitamin K2) intake and BMD was found by fractional polynomial regression analyses in women (beta coefficient: 0.018; 95% CI: 0.009, 0.027; p=0.001), but not in men. Conclusions Although we observed an increased risk of low BMD with low intake of vitamin K1 and a weak positive association between BMD and vitamin K2 intake among women, this study does not support dietary intake of vitamins K1 or K2 as major determinants of BMD. Future studies should investigate possible associations between intake of vitamin K1, K2 and fracture risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary vitamins K1, K2 and bone mineral density: the Hordaland Health Study

et al. 2010

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“…Bacteria of the lower intestine are also important sources of pantothenate (Said, 2013), biotin (Said, 2013), queuine (Morris et al, 1999), and vitamin K. How much vitamin K is actually available in humans from the terminal ileum and the colon is difficult to assess (Lipsky, 1994).…”

Section: Microbial Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption, Transport, and Retention

Kohlmeier¹

2015

Nutrient Metabolism

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“…None of the ®ve patients who were receiving antibiotics at the time of recruitment had received them for longer than 3 days. None of the antibiotics administered belonged to the group of drugs with the methyltetrazolethiol side-chain, which has been associated with prolongation of the prothrombin time (Lipsky 1994) and with interference with menaquinone production by endogeneous gut bacteria (Suttie, 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein–calorie malnutrition does not predict subtle vitamin K depletion in hospitalized patients

et al. 1998

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Objective: Recent studies suggest that subtle vitamin K depletion has far-reaching consequences. As this entity is not associated with prothrombin time elevation, it is important to determine whether alternate methods can help identify it. We investigated subtle vitamin K depletion in a hospital setting and determined whether protein ± calorie malnutrition predicts its presence. Design, setting, subjects: Using a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay of plasma phylloquinone and a food frequency questionnaire for phylloquinone intake, we examined the phylloquinone status of 27 hospitalized patients with normal coagulation parameters, no liver disease, and no recent warfarin use. We assessed protein ± calorie nutritional status with Reilly's criteria and anthropometrics. Results: 51% of patients (95% Cl 31% to 70%) had evidence of subtle vitamin K depletion as de®ned by a subnormal plasma phylloquinone concentration. Patients whose phylloquinone intake was less than the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) over the preceding year had lower plasma phylloquinone concentrations when compared to other patients: median (range) 0.106 nmolal (0.022 ± 0.461) versus 0.301 nmolal (0.067 ± 3.928), respectively (P 0.023). Plasma phylloquinone concentrations were no different, however, between well-nourished and malnourished patients: median (range) 0.245 nmolal (0.022 ± 0.522) versus 0.188 nmolal (0.067 ± 3.928), respectively (P 0.782). Conclusions: Subtle vitamin K depletion is common among hospitalized patients and protein ± calorie malnutrition does not predict its presence.

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Nutritional Sources of Vitamin K

Cited by 46 publications

References 35 publications

Dietary vitamins K1, K2 and bone mineral density: the Hordaland Health Study

Dietary vitamins K1, K2 and bone mineral density: the Hordaland Health Study

Absorption, Transport, and Retention

Protein–calorie malnutrition does not predict subtle vitamin K depletion in hospitalized patients

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