Nutritional influences on brain development

Georgieff, Michael; Ramel, Sara E.; Cusick, Sarah E.

doi:10.1111/apa.14287

Cited by 195 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Mothers who were overweight (n = 9, P = 0.033) were less likely to be anaemic as were mothers with gestational diabetes (n = 7, P = 0.006) but the number of these mothers was small. No difference was seen in parity (anaemic mothers median parity 2 (IQR 1, 3) v 2 (1,3) [P = 0.602). Similarly no difference was seen in Ferritin levels (anaemic mothers; median Ferritin 20.8 ug/L (IQR 10.3,47.8) v. 25.5 (15.3, 57.3) P = 0.589) but mothers with prior iron deficiency had more anaemia in pregnancy (P = 0.022) ( Table 2 and Table S6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30,31 There is increasing evidence of the importance of a nutrient-rich diet in pregnancy, not only for the mother but for the physical health and cognitive development of her child. 1,32 A nutrient-rich diet helps prevents anaemia and provides many nutrients needed for health. For mothers on low incomes, high cost is a barrier to healthy eating especially in remote settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Anaemia in pregnancy-defined as blood haemoglobin levels below 110 g/L-is a concern because of poorer health and pregnancy outcomes of mothers, and also the potential detrimental effects on the health and development of their children. 1,3 Infections, inflammation and genetic conditions (e.g. thalassaemia) can cause anaemia, as well as iron deficiency and other nutritional deficiencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaemia in pregnancy among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women of Far North Queensland: A retrospective cohort study

Leonard

Büttner

Thompson

et al. 2018

Nutrition & Dietetics

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Aim Anaemia during pregnancy is common worldwide. In Australia between 7.1% and 11% of mothers have been reported to have anaemia in pregnancy. Higher rates are reported for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women (Townsville: 34.2%, remote Northern Territory: 50%). The present study describes anaemia in pregnancy among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women of Far North Queensland. Methods Health service information was analysed for 2076 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women who gave birth between 2006 and 2010. The prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy, characteristics of the mothers and pregnancy outcomes were described. Logistic regression for bivariate analyses and multivariable linear modelling with and without imputed data were used to compare those mothers who had anaemia in pregnancy with those who did not. Results More than half of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women (54.5% (95% CI: 52.4%, 56.7%)) had anaemia in pregnancy. For mothers who gave birth in 2009 and 2010 (n = 1796) with more complete data, those who were iron deficient during pregnancy were more likely to be anaemic (RR: 1.40, P = <0.001). Mothers (29.0%) from localities of relative socioeconomic advantage had lower risk of anaemia in pregnancy (RR: 0.86, P = 0.003), as did mothers (31.9%) who were obese (RR: 0.87, P = 0.013). Conclusions The prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women of Far North Queensland is high. Prevention and treatment of anaemia will improve the health of these mothers, and possibly the health and early development of their children.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaemia in pregnancy among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women of Far North Queensland: A retrospective cohort study

Leonard

Büttner

Thompson

et al. 2018

Nutrition & Dietetics

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“…Adequate nutrition is a requirement for healthy growth and development and fetal brain development is particularly sensitive to the appropriate provision of lipids, fats, vitamins, and proteins (Georgieff et al. ; Gould et al. ; Sinclair ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny and programming of the fetal temporal cortical endocannabinoid system by moderate maternal nutrient reduction in baboons ( Papio spp.)

et al. 2019

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Poor nutrition during pregnancy is a worldwide public health problem. Maternal nutrient reduction ( MNR ) is associated with maternal and fetal stress and a sex‐dependent decrease in nonhuman primate ( NHP ) cognitive performance. Early life stress potentiates epileptogenesis in a sex‐specific manner, and temporal lobe ( TL ) epilepsy is associated with neurocognitive disorders. The endogenous cannabinoid system ( ECS ) demonstrates remarkable developmental changes and plays a key role in aging‐related diseases (e.g., dementia). Baboons have been studied as a natural model of epilepsy and express all ECS system components. We therefore evaluated baboon fetal temporal cortex ECS ontogenic and MNR ‐dependent changes. At 120 days gestational age ( dGA ) (term 185 days), maternal, fetal, and placental morphometry were similar between control and MNR pregnancies. MNR maternal weight gain was decreased compared with controls at 165 dGA independent of fetal sex. In male fetuses, expression of ECS synthesizing and degrading enzymes was gestational age‐dependent, with the exception of fatty acid amide hydrolase ( FAAH ). MNR had a sex‐specific effect on the protein expression of CB 1R during development: CB 1R protein expression was decreased in fetal temporal cortex of male fetuses at 120 and 140 dGA . Our data reveal that the MNR has sex‐specific effects on temporal cortical expression of the ECS in baboon offspring and shows vulnerability of ECS in male fetuses during gestation.

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“…2 Iron is required for specific neurodevelopment processes before birth and during the first years of life, including neuronal proliferation and growth of axons and dendrites, synapse formation and myelination. 1,3 Iron deficiency during critical phases of neurodevelopment is associated with persistent deficits in cognitive and behavioural performance. 4,5 Anaemia is a late stage of iron deficiency; the detrimental effects of iron deficiency impact on the developing brain before anaemia develops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early childhood anaemia more than doubles the risk of developmental vulnerability at school‐age among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children of remote Far North Queensland: Findings of a retrospective cohort study

Leonard

Buettner

Thompson

et al. 2020

Nutrition & Dietetics

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Aims: Early childhood anaemia, usually attributed to iron deficiency, is associated with persistent detrimental effects on child development. This study investigates the association of anaemia between age six and 23 months with indicators of childhood development at school-age among children of remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities of Far North Queensland. Methods:The triennial Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) encompasses five domains of early childhood development-physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills (school-based), communication skills and general knowledge. AEDC 2012 and 2015 assessments were linked with health information for children and their mothers from remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities of Far North Queensland.Results: AEDC assessments were available for 250 children who had measurements of haemoglobin recorded at age 6 to 23 months. More children who had had early childhood anaemia (n = 66/143, 46.2%, [37.9%, 54.4%]) were developmentally vulnerable on two or more domains compared to those who had not been anaemic (n = 25/107, 23.4% [15.2%, 31.5%], P < .001). Multivariable analysis confirmed that early childhood anaemia more than doubled the risk of developmental vulnerability (OR 2.2 [1.1,4.3] P = .020) at school age. Conclusions: Early childhood anaemia is a risk factor for developmental vulnerability at school-age in this setting. Interventions combining nutrition promotion and multi-micronutrient food fortification, are effective in prevention of early childhood anaemia. Such interventions could also improve early childhood development and subsequent educational achievement.

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Nutritional influences on brain development

Abstract: Optimizing nutrition during foetal and early postnatal life is a golden opportunity to impact neurodevelopment and brain function across the lifespan.

Cited by 195 publications

References 85 publications

Anaemia in pregnancy among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women of Far North Queensland: A retrospective cohort study

Anaemia in pregnancy among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women of Far North Queensland: A retrospective cohort study

Ontogeny and programming of the fetal temporal cortical endocannabinoid system by moderate maternal nutrient reduction in baboons ( Papio spp.)

Early childhood anaemia more than doubles the risk of developmental vulnerability at school‐age among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children of remote Far North Queensland: Findings of a retrospective cohort study

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