Nutritional balance and recovery rate of macronutrients by ‘Gigante’ cactus pear under different fertilizations

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient export, nutritional balance and macronutrient recovery rate in ‘Gigante cactus pear under different fertilization doses, spacings and configurations during three production cycles. The 72 treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three repetitions, two configurations in the plots (triple and quadruple row), three spacings in the subplots (3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m; 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.16 m and 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.125 m); and 12 types of fertilization in the sub-subplots (with organic, organomineral and mineral sources). Exports of nutrients are higher under fertilizers with higher nutrient supplies, regardless of source. The order of export was K > Ca > N > Mg > S > P for mineral fertilization, organic fertilization with 30 Mg ha-1 year-1 and organomineral fertilization with 30 and 60 Mg ha-1 year-1 plus NPK and PK, and it changed to K > Ca > N > Mg > P > S under organic fertilization with 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 and organomineral fertilization with 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 plus K. The nutrient balance after three production cycles was positive for N, P and S, negative for Ca and Mg in all fertilizations, and positive for K under mineral fertilization with 600 kg ha-1 of K2O and organomineral fertilization with 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 plus 600 kg ha-1 of K2O. The highest recovery rates of K and the lowest recovery rates of N occur under organic fertilization.

Reference values for nutritional diagnosis of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear by DRIS and BIK methods

“…Greater availability and mobility of P in the soil were facilitated by organic fertilization as compared to chemical fertilizers. Although regardless of the source used, the absorption of P by the plant was favored by the higher doses of the fertilizers (Ledo et al, 2021). In this work, the extraction of P was 1.4 kg Mg -1 .…”

“…Insufficiency of Ca supply by organic fertilization resulted in maintenance of cactus pear yield by soil buffer capacity. One of the most exported elements by cactus pear is Ca, based on the production cycle and the source used (Ledo et al, 2021).…”

Sistemas Tradicionais de Produção de Palma Forrageira ‘Gigante’ em Agroecossistemas do Semiárido Baiano

“…Iuiu, Ceraíma e Morrinhos apresentaram os maiores teores de potássio (K), variando de 140,83 a 261,33 mg dm -3 (Tabela 5), enquadrados nas classes média a muito alta (Donato et al, 2017c). Por serem os nutrientes mais extraídos pela palma forrageira, o K seguido do Ca demandam acompanhamento adequado de seus teores nos solos e nas plantas, de modo que esses nutrientes possam ser restituídos aos solos e disponibilizados adequadamente às plantas (Donato et al, 2017d;Lédo et al, 2021). Essa preocupação assume maior importância em solos com baixa capacidade tampão para esses nutrientes, como os de Riacho de Santana e Maniaçu.…”

“…Na metodologia do CFSEMG (1999), a classificação boa dos teores de Ca 2+ ocorre na faixa de 2,41 a 4,0 cmol c dm -3 . Essas faixas evidenciam a alta exigência da palma em Ca 2+ e Mg 2+ e sua elevada demanda em extrair esses elementos do solo (Silva et al, 2016;Donato et al, 2017c;Lédo et al, 2021).…”

“…O rendimento, resiliência e qualidade nutricional da palma forrageira, como de qualquer cultivo, são consequências das inter-relações entre as características edafoclimáticas do ambiente de cultivo, das técnicas e práticas de manejo adotadas pelo produtor e do potencial genético da planta (Resende et al, 2002;Pimienta-Barrios et al, 2012;Donato et al, 2017d;Matos et al, 2020). As respostas das plantas frente ao ambiente de cultivo e manejo afetam a qualidade dos cladódios para uso como forragem, o rendimento e a longevidade do palmal (Aguiar et al, 2015;Donato et al, 2017b;Lédo et al, 2021).…”