Nutritional, Antinutritional Compounds and Nutraceutical Significance of Native Bean Species (Phaseolus spp.) of Mexican Cultivars

Abstract

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), comba beans (Phaseolus lunatus), and ayocote beans (Phaseolus coccineus) are the most consumed beans worldwide. This work aimed to analyze the nutraceutical potential, antinutritional content, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical characteristics of 38 native bean accessions from South Pacific Mexico. Regarding size, the accessions collected from P. lunatus were the longest (15.31 ± 1.31 mm) and widest (11.04 ± 0.85 mm), while those of P. coccineus were of a greater thickness (6.40 ± 0.85 mm). In addition, it was observed that P. vulgaris species presented a higher percentage of protein and fat content. Moreover, an inverse correlation was found between the content of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in all the collected accessions. The main free amino acid of P. lunatus and P. vulgaris was tryptophan with concentrations of 35.36 ± 0.37 mg/100 g and 47.41 ± 0.53 mg/100 g, respectively. While P. coccineus contained isoleucine as its main free amino acid with a concentration of 29.85 ± 1.06 mg/100 g Furthermore, the collected accessions could be 100% correctly classified as P. vulgaris, P. lunatus, or P. coccineus according to the free amino acid content; this classification could serve as a marker to distinguish between Phaseolus species. In addition, principal component analysis of the phenolic compound content, nutritional composition, antinutritional factors, and antioxidant activity was performed, showing not only that P. vulgaris accessions can present nutraceutical potential but also that some accessions from P. lunatus and P. coccineus species can be promoted for the development of functional foods.

Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Mineral Contents in Grains of Phaseolus lunatus L. and P. coccineus L. Landraces

“…The differences in phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and mineral concentrations in grains among and within P. lunatus, P. coccineus and P. vulgaris differed slightly from the patterns found by Alcázar-Valle et al (2021). For example, they did not find differences between P. coccineus and P. lunatus and in this study, the differences were evident in the seed coat and whole grains.…”

“…In this study, the improved varieties of P. vulgaris used as controls had lower concentrations of polyphenols in the seed coat, cotyledons and whole grains than the populations of P. lunatus and P. coccineus; however, for the anthocyanin Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Mineral Contents in Grains of Phaseolus lunatus L. and P. coccineus L. Landraces contents in the seed coat and whole grains, the behavior was reversed. Alcázar-Valle et al (2021) observed the same pattern in their comparison of the same three species. In the samples of P. coccineus evaluated by Alvarado-López et al (2019), the variation in polyphenols and flavonoids ranged from 1.29 to 2.07 mg GAE g -1 and from 1.08 to 1.61 mg QE g -1 , respectively and in this study, the variation ranged from 17.0 to 34.1 GAE g -1 and 1.13 to 2.32 mg EC g -1 , indicating that the populations evaluated have the potential to be used in plant breeding (Table 2).…”

“…In whole grains of P. coccineus, Alvarado et al (2019) observed a lower content of polyphenols (<1.68 mg GAE g -1 ) but recorded higher values of anthocyanins in whole grains with a black and purple color (>1.07 mg C3G g -1 ). P. vulgaris and P. coccineus had higher contents of phenols and anthocyanins in the seed coat and cotyledons, while the values observed for P. lunatus were like those determined by Alcázar-Valle et al (2021) (Table 1).…”

“…P. vulgaris has received widespread attention for its bioactive and nutritional compounds and antioxidant activity (Alcázar-Valle et al, 2021). Previous studies have focused mainly on improved varieties of P. vulgaris, followed by P. coccineus (Quiroz-Sodi et al, 2018) and finally P. lunatus (Seidu et al, 2015;Palupi et al, 2022).…”

A Comparative Study on Phytochemical Fingerprint of Two Diverse Phaseolus vulgarisvar. Tondino del Tavo and Cannellino Bio Extracts

“…However, #2TT contained the highest level of total flavonoids (1.68 mg RE/g). Generally, the tested extracts exhibited low levels of flavonoids (<1 mg RE/g); however, different levels of total phenols and flavonoids in Phaseolus vulgaris samples have been observed in the literature [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. In a recent paper by Rossi et al, the effects of germinating time and gastrointestinal digestion on the chemical composition and biological activities of two common Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars were analysed, revealing a strong correlation between their phenolic contents and soil composition [ 34 ].…”