Nutritional and supplementation strategies of Spanish natural elite bodybuilders in precontest

GONZÁLEZ-CANO, Henar; Jiménez-Martínez, Pablo; BAZ-VALLE, Eneko; Contreras, Carlos; COLADO, Juan C.; ALIX-FAGES, Carlos

doi:10.23736/s0393-3660.22.04877-x

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A similar argument can be applied to MBR, where values exceeding 5.2 may suggest the use of anabolic steroids in male athletes (14). However, 5 out of 11 physique athletes in our sample exhibited values surpassing this threshold even on the competition day (Figure 1 lower-left panel), potentially reflecting advancements in nutrition and training practices compared with previous decades (9). If the hypothesis postulating that bone mass constrains the accretion of muscle mass holds true, and considering the higher observed bone mass in PRO competitors compared with their AMA counterparts, an intriguing possibility arises: PRO natural physique athletes from our study may still possess an untapped potential to further increase their muscle mass levels beyond what was observed on the day of competition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Accordingly, competitors in natural bodybuilding adhere to the criteria set by the World Anti-Doping Agency to maintain a drug-free environment (4,12). However, as natural bodybuilding is still a minority sport, its practices have not been well-studied before (9). Previous research has demonstrated that natural physique athletes engage in prolonged precontest dieting (i.e., 6-8 months) to achieve extremely low body fat levels while maintaining muscle mass on competition day (9,22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as natural bodybuilding is still a minority sport, its practices have not been well-studied before (9). Previous research has demonstrated that natural physique athletes engage in prolonged precontest dieting (i.e., 6-8 months) to achieve extremely low body fat levels while maintaining muscle mass on competition day (9,22). Thus, as an aesthetic-based sport, anthropometric assessments comparing professional and amateur athletes can provide valuable insights for detailing practical guidelines to achieve success.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Muscle Mass and Body Fat Differ Between Elite and Amateur Natural Physique Athletes on Competition Day? A Preliminary, Cross-Sectional, Anthropometric Study

González-Cano,

Martín-Olmedo,

Baz-Valle

et al. 2024

Journal of Strength &Amp; Conditioning Research

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González-Cano, H, Martín-Olmedo, JJ, Baz-Valle, E, Contreras, C, Schoenfeld, BJ, García-Ramos, A, Jiménez-Martínez, P, and Alix-Fages, C. Do muscle mass and body fat differ between elite and amateur natural physique athletes on competition day? A preliminary, cross-sectional, anthropometric study. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 951–956, 2024—Natural physique athletes strive to achieve low body fat levels while promoting muscle mass hypertrophy for competition day. This study aimed to compare the anthropometric characteristics of natural amateur (AMA) and professional (PRO) World Natural Bodybuilding Federation (WNBF) competitors. Eleven male natural physique athletes (6 PRO and 5 AMA; age = 24.8 ± 2.3 years) underwent a comprehensive anthropometric evaluation following the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocol within a 24-hour time frame surrounding the competition. The 5-component fractionation method was used to obtain the body composition profile of the muscle, adipose, bone, skin, and residual tissues. Five physique athletes exceeded the 5.2 cutoff point of muscle-to-bone ratio (MBR) for natural athletes. Professional physique athletes were older than AMA physique athletes (p = 0.05), and they also presented larger thigh girths (p = 0.005) and bone mass (p = 0.019) compared with AMA physique athletes. Although no statistically significant between-group differences were observed in body mass, height, or body fat levels, PRO physique athletes exhibited a higher body mass index (BMI; AMA: 24.45 ± 0.12; PRO: 25.52 ± 1.01; p = 0.048), lean body mass (LBM; AMA: 64.49 ± 2.35; PRO: 69.80 ± 3.78; p = 0.024), fat-free mass (FFM; AMA: 71.23 ± 3.21; PRO: 76.52 ± 4.31; p = 0.05), LBM index (LBMI; AMA: 20.65 ± 0.52; PRO: 21.74 ± 0.85; p = 0.034), and fat-free mass index index (FFMI; AMA: 22.80 ± 0.22; PRO: 23.83 ± 0.90; p = 0.037) compared with AMA physique athletes. These findings highlight the unique characteristics and anthropometric differences between PRO and AMA natural physique athletes on competition day, emphasizing the significance of age, thigh girth, bone mass, BMI, LBM, FFM, and FFMI in distinguishing these 2 groups. Based on our findings, the established boundaries for muscle mass in natural physique athletes, based on FFMI and MBR, warrant reconsideration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Do Muscle Mass and Body Fat Differ Between Elite and Amateur Natural Physique Athletes on Competition Day? A Preliminary, Cross-Sectional, Anthropometric Study

González-Cano,

Martín-Olmedo,

Baz-Valle

et al. 2024

Journal of Strength &Amp; Conditioning Research

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“…Dietary supplements are legal, free-sale nutritional complements that in conjunction with a healthy diet can improve well-being and/or sports performance [ 8 , 9 ]. In this concern, resistance training (RT) and specific nutritional supplementation (e.g., calcium, vitamin D, creatine, and magnesium) have elicited positive results as non-pharmacological strategies to prevent and treat the abovementioned long-term conditions [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Microfiltered Seawater Intake and Variable Resistance Training on Strength, Bone Health, Body Composition, and Quality of Life in Older Women: A 32-Week Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Juesas

Gargallo

Gené-Morales

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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The aim was to explore the effects of a 32-week resistance training (RT) intervention with elastic bands with or without microfiltered seawater (SW) supplementation on isokinetic strength, bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, and subjective quality of life in postmenopausal women. Ninety-three untrained women (age: 70.00 ± 6.26 years; body mass index: 22.05 ± 3.20 kg/m2; body fat: 37.77 ± 6.38%; 6.66 ± 1.01 s up-and-go test) voluntarily participated in this randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. Participants were allocated into four groups (RT+SW, RT+PLA, CON+SW, and CON+PLA). The RT intervention (twice weekly) consisted of different exercises for the whole body performed at submaximal intensities with elastic bands. Both control groups were not involved in any exercise program. A two-way mixed analysis of variance of repeated measures revealed significant improvements in almost all the variables in both intervention groups (p < 0.05). However, significant differences with controls were encountered in isokinetic strength, body fat percentage, and bodily pain. Although the group with SW supplementation obtained greater effect sizes, non-significant differences between both RT groups were observed. In conclusion, the determinant factor of the adaptations seems to be RT rather than SW.

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“…Capsaicinoids are a group of substances found in spicy fruits such as chili peppers ( González-Cano et al, 2022 ; Jiménez-Martínez et al, 2022 ). Among the variety of substances included in this category, capsaicin has emerged as the most used ergogenic compound ( de Moura e Silva et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of phenylcapsaicin on aerobic capacity and physiological parameters in active young males: a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial

Jiménez-Martínez,

Alix-Fages,

Janicijevic

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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Objective: Phenylcapsaicin (PC) is a new capsaicin analog which has exhibited a higher bioavailability. This sudy assessed the effects of a low dose (LD) of 0.625 mg and a high dose (HD) of 2.5 mg of PC on aerobic capacity, substrate oxidation, energy metabolism and exercise physiological variables in young males.Materials and methods: Seventeen active males (age = 24.7 ± 6.0 years) enrolled to this randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Participants attended the laboratory on 4 sessions separated by 72–96 h. A submaximal exercise test [to determine maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the intensity at MFO (FATmax)] followed by a maximal incremental test (to determine VO2max) were performed in a preliminary session. The subsequent sessions only differed in the supplement ingested [LD, HD or placebo (PLA)] and consisted of a steady-state test (60 min at FATmax) followed by a maximal incremental test. Energy metabolism, substrate oxidation, heart rate, general (gRPE) and quadriceps (RPEquad) rate of perceived exertion, skin temperature and thermal perception were tested.Results: Clavicle thermal perception was lower in HD compared to PLA and LD (p = 0.04) across time. HD reduced maximum heart rate in comparison to PLA and LD (p = 0.03). LD reported higher general RPE (RPEg) values during the steady-state test compared to PLA and HD across time (p = 0.02). HD and LD elicited higher peak of fat oxidation during the steady-state test compared with PLA (p = 0.05). Intra-test analyses revealed significant differences for fat oxidation (FATox) in favor of HD and LD compared to PLA (p = 0.002 and 0.002, respectively), and for carbohydrate oxidation (CHOox) (p = 0.05) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (p = 0.03) for PLA. In the incremental test, only general RPE at 60% of the maximal intensity (W) differed favoring HD (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion: Therefore, PC may contribute to increase aerobic capacity through the improvement of fat oxidation, maximum heart rate and perceptual responses during exercise.

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Nutritional and supplementation strategies of Spanish natural elite bodybuilders in precontest

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Do Muscle Mass and Body Fat Differ Between Elite and Amateur Natural Physique Athletes on Competition Day? A Preliminary, Cross-Sectional, Anthropometric Study

Do Muscle Mass and Body Fat Differ Between Elite and Amateur Natural Physique Athletes on Competition Day? A Preliminary, Cross-Sectional, Anthropometric Study

Effects of Microfiltered Seawater Intake and Variable Resistance Training on Strength, Bone Health, Body Composition, and Quality of Life in Older Women: A 32-Week Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Effects of phenylcapsaicin on aerobic capacity and physiological parameters in active young males: a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial

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