Nutrition of older adults in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract

This article discusses a study on the nutrition specifics of older adults living in social service institutions in three major cities of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Nur-Sultan, Almaty, and Shymkent. The direction of the research meets the priorities of the World Health Organization to achieve goals on aging and health. The diets of older adults in the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied, food preferences were identified, and needs for basic nutrients were established. This article presents the results of sociological surveys of older adults who answered questions about nutrition, preferred foods, raw materials, and meat products. Based on the survey results, technologies of herodietic meat products aimed at enriching the diet with proteins were developed, along with practical recommendations for a balanced diet. This area of research is relevant due to the lack of products with a herodietic profile on the Kazakhstan market.

Probiotics in the creation of fish-based herodietic half-finished products

“…Elderly people have their need for well-consumed protein and fat components. In this, fish products are one of the best [18]. Fish meat (and fish-based products) contains many valuable nutrients like protein, easily digestible fat, vitamins, and minerals [19].…”

“…The gerontology and heretics development has presented the data that fish from the Cichlidae family, primarily tilapia, contain unique components with neuroprotective properties that are recommended for increased use by elderly people (glycine, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, phosphoric calcium salts, phospholipids). That served as the basis for the technology of semi-finished products developed from tilapia fish intended for nutrition in gerontology [18]. For example, the recommended daily protein intake of 60-74-year-old men is 85 g, and for women, this rate is 78 g. The daily intake of ascorbic acid is 70-80 mg for both groups.…”

“…In recent years, many probiotics have been proposed, and many papers characterizing the effectiveness of these drugs [26]. And this is important, considering statistical data that 75% of elderly people have different kinds of nutritional disorders [18]. In this case, different types of microorganisms and their combinations can be used in their creation, taking into account requirements for probiotic strains that allow them to compete with pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms [26].…”

“…Lee et al [29] gave data that using Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM decreased the visceral pain threshold in an experiment in rats by 44% via the opioid pathway and activated opioid receptors (OR) in humans. Stomach pain is truly actual in elderly people: Satayeva et al [18], in their last research, gave data that about 20% of elderly are overeaten, 60% of persons eat irrationally (males in the main) with dominant meat meal, flour products, and food with animal fats high content as well as sweets. At the same time, insufficient consumption of dairy products, fish, vegetables, and fruits fixes for these persons.…”