Nutrition, malnutrition, and leishmaniasis

Nweze, Justus Amuche; Nweze, Emeka Innocent; Onoja, US

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2019.110712

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…94 , 95 Additional research is needed to understand the impact of nutritional deficits on vector competence. 93 Due to similar immunopathogenic processes, HIV significantly increases the risk of developing VL, while VL acts as a catalyst for HIV, thus accelerating the onset of AIDS. 96 , 97 While undernutrition is an outcome of inadequate food compounded by poverty, the impoverished rural settings in which the leishmaniases largely occur are often co-endemic with other diseases, such as malaria, typhoid or typhus, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis, which make the diagnosis of VL complex due to the similarity in clinical manifestations.…”

Section: Vulnerability To and Risk Factors For Leishmaniasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malnutrition and HIV infection are the most significant comorbidities because they increase host susceptibility, are determinants for severity and clinical manifestations of the leishmaniases, and complicate accurate diagnosis and treatment. 25,85,[91][92][93] For instance, case-controlled research in Ethiopia has shown a three-fold increase in susceptibility to VL in malnourished individuals. 94,95 Additional research is needed to understand the impact of nutritional deficits on vector competence.…”

Section: Comorbidities Synergistically Act With Poverty To Exacerbate the Leishmaniasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vulnerabilities to and the Socioeconomic and Psychosocial Impacts of the Leishmaniases: A Review

Grifferty¹,

Shirley²,

McGloin

et al. 2021

RRTM

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The leishmaniases are a group of four vector-borne neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) with 1.6 billion people in some 100 countries at risk. They occur in certain eco-epidemiological foci that reflect manipulation by human activities, such as migration, urbanization and deforestation, of which poverty, conflict and climate change are key drivers. Given their synergistic impacts, risk factors and the vulnerabilities of poor populations and the launch of a new 2030 roadmap for NTDs in the context of the global sustainability agenda, it is warranted to update the state of knowledge of the leishmaniases and their effects. Using existing literature, we review socioeconomic and psychosocial impacts of leishmaniasis within a framework of risk factors and vulnerabilities to help inform policy interventions. Studies show that poverty is an overarching primary risk factor. Low-income status fosters inadequate housing, malnutrition and lack of sanitation, which create and exacerbate complexities in access to care and treatment outcomes as well as education and awareness. The co-occurrence of the leishmaniases with malnutrition and HIV infection further complicate diagnosis and treatment, leading to poor diagnostic outcomes and therapeutic response. Even with free treatment, households may suffer catastrophic health expenditure from direct and indirect medical costs, which compounds existing financial strain in low-income communities for households and healthcare systems. The dermatological presentations of the leishmaniases may result in long-term severe disfigurement, leading to stigmatization, reduced quality of life, discrimination and mental health issues. A substantial amount of recent literature points to the vulnerability pathways and burden of leishmaniasis on women, in particular, who disproportionately suffer from these impacts. These emerging foci demonstrate a need for continued international efforts to address key risk factors and population vulnerabilities if leishmaniasis control, and ultimately elimination, is to be achieved by 2030.

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Section: Vulnerability To and Risk Factors For Leishmaniasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comorbidities Synergistically Act With Poverty To Exacerbate the Leishmaniasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerabilities to and the Socioeconomic and Psychosocial Impacts of the Leishmaniases: A Review

Grifferty¹,

Shirley²,

McGloin

et al. 2021

RRTM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, this may be linked to nutritional factors, such as protein-calorie deficiency, which is much more common in this group. As a result, it directly affects the general health of these animals, compromises immunity, and facilitates the development of the disease, and the clinical presentation of signs and symptoms (Melo et al 2018 ; Lewgoy et al 2020 ; Nweze et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine leishmaniasis in an endemic region, Northeastern Brazil: a comparative study with four groups of animals

et al. 2021

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Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and remains an important public health concern in tropical areas. In Brazil, domestic dogs are considered the most relevant reservoir of the parasite and one of the main targets of the disease control actions. Considering this, we aimed herein to evaluate the CanL infection in different canine groups and distribution of cases in the state of Sergipe, an endemic region in Northeastern Brazil. The evaluated 467 animals were classified into four groups: hunting ( n = 50), company ( n = 64), guard ( n = 140), and wandering ( n = 213). Samples (blood, bone marrow, conjunctival swab, and lymph node aspirate) were collected from animals in nine municipalities of Sergipe. First, all animals were submitted to general and ophthalmic clinical examination. Next, they were tested serologically by TR-DPP®, and for the presence of Leishmania , amastigotes in samples of bone marrow, conjunctival swab, and lymph node aspirate were diagnosed by PCR and parasitological techniques. It was observed that 34.69% (162) of the evaluated dogs were seropositive. The highest rates of positivity were found in hunting 54% (27/50; OR = 3.52; p -value = 0.001) and guard dogs 42.14% (59/140; OR = 2.18; p -value = 0.01). Otherwise, the highest percentage of symptomatic dogs was observed in wandering animals (85%; OR = 9.63; p -value < 0.0001). The distribution of case analysis showed that the highest positivity rates occurred in inland municipalities situated in arid regions. Taken together, our data demonstrate that hunting and guard dogs are among the animals most exposed and affected by clinical manifestations of CanL, mainly in the inland municipalities of Sergipe State. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00436-021-07319-0.

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“…Over 85% of new CL cases occurred in 10 countries in the year 2018, the WHO reported: Afghanistan, Algeria, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Iran (the Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Pakistan, the Syrian Arab Republic, and Tunisia. Around 600,000 to 1 million new cases are expected to occur annually worldwide (Nweze et al, 2020). Mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) causes the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and throat to become partially or completely destroyed (Amato et al, 2008).…”

Section: Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano Based Approach for the Treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases

Pandian

Panneerselvam

Pavadai

et al. 2021

Front. Nanotechnol.

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Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) afflict more than one billion peoples in the world’s poorest countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recorded seventeen NTDs in its portfolio, mainly caused by bacterial, protozoal, parasitic, and viral infections. Each of the NTDs has its unique challenges on human health such as interventions for control, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Research for the development of new drug molecules against NTDs has not been undertaken by pharmaceutical industries due to high investment and low-returns, which results in limited chemotherapeutics in the market. In addition, conventional chemotherapies for the treatment of NTDs are unsatisfactory due to its low efficacy, increased drug resistance, short half-life, potential or harmful fatal toxic side effects, and drug incompetence to reach the site of parasite infection. In this context, active chemotherapies are considered to be re-formulated by overcoming these toxic side effects via a tissue-specific targeted drug delivery system. This review mainly emphasizes the recent developments of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of NTDs especially sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis, chagas disease, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, african trypanosomiasis and dengue. Nanomaterials based drug delivery systems offer enhanced and effective alternative therapy through the re-formulation approach of conventional drugs into site-specific targeted delivery of drugs.

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Nutrition, malnutrition, and leishmaniasis

Cited by 34 publications

References 114 publications

Vulnerabilities to and the Socioeconomic and Psychosocial Impacts of the Leishmaniases: A Review

Vulnerabilities to and the Socioeconomic and Psychosocial Impacts of the Leishmaniases: A Review

Canine leishmaniasis in an endemic region, Northeastern Brazil: a comparative study with four groups of animals

Nano Based Approach for the Treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases

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