Nutrition and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Chakravarthy, Manu V.; Waddell, Thomas K.; Banerjee, Rajarshi; Guess, Nicola

doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2019.09.003

Cited by 49 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 213 publications

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“…A potential causal relationship between hepatic steatosis and risk of severe COVID-19 disease should highlight, and motivate, the importance of those at higher risk avoid contracting COVID-19 via social distancing and vaccination, but to also the importance of "de-fatting" the liver to reduce susceptibility. Fortunately, recent studies have demonstrated the benefits of aggressive lifestyle interventions (24), and potential new therapeutics that can reverse fatty liver disease in a matter of weeks (25,26). This may be an important public health message regarding lifestyle choices to reduce your risk as we learn to live with the virus and adapt the new variants over the coming years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic Steatosis, Rather Than Underlying Obesity, Increases the Risk of Infection and Hospitalization for COVID-19

Roca-Fernández¹,

Dennis²,

Nicholls³

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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Objective: Obesity is a risk factor for SARS-COV2 infection and is often associated with hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to determine if pre-existing hepatic steatosis affects the risk of infection and severity for COVID-19.Design: Prospective cohort study (UK Biobank). Univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on liver phenotypic biomarkers to determine if these variables increased risk of testing positive and being hospitalized for COVID-19; then compared to previously described risk factors associated with COVID-19, including age, ethnicity, gender, obesity, socio-economic status.Setting: UK biobank study.Participants: 502,506 participants (healthy at baseline) in the UK Biobank, of whom 41,791 underwent MRI (aged 50–83) for assessment of liver fat, liver fibro-inflammatory disease, and liver iron. Positive COVID-19 test was determined from UK testing data, starting in March 2020 and censored in January 2021.Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Liver fat measured as proton density fat fraction (PDFF%) MRI and body mass index (BMI, Kg/m2) to assess prior to February 2020 using MRI of the liver to assess hepatic steatosis.Results: Within the imaged cohort (n = 41, 791), 4,458 had been tested and 1,043 (2.49% of the imaged population) tested positive for COVID-19. Individuals with fatty liver (≥10%) were at increased risk of testing positive (OR: 1.35, p = 0.007) and those participants with obesity and fatty liver, were at increased risk of hospitalization with a positive test result by 5.14 times (p = 0.0006).Conclusions: UK Biobank data revealed obese individuals with fatty liver disease were at increased risk of infection and hospitalization for COVID-19. Public policy measures and personalized medicine should be considered in order to protect these high-risk individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic Steatosis, Rather Than Underlying Obesity, Increases the Risk of Infection and Hospitalization for COVID-19

Roca-Fernández¹,

Dennis²,

Nicholls³

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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“…AAs have been most commonly evaluated with single AA interventions in clinical trials. In NASH, there are several examples of translational research that have established a range of EMM-specific biological activities in disease pathogenesis and management ( Chakravarthy et al., 2020b ). Clinically, serine administration (two weeks) improved liver function markers and resulted in a decrease in hepatic steatosis ranging from 1% to 23% in patients with NAFLD ( n = 6) (NCT02599038) ( Mardinoglu et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Aa Clinical Trials: Information Mined From Past Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Metabolic Modulators: Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Amino Acids

et al. 2020

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Summary Multifactorial disease pathophysiology is complex and incompletely addressed by existing targeted pharmacotherapies. Amino acids (AAs) and related metabolites and precursors are a class of endogenous metabolic modulators (EMMs) that have diverse biological functions and, thus, have been explored for decades as potential multifactorial disease treatments. Here, we review the literature on this class of EMMs in disease treatment, with a focus on the emerging clinical studies on AAs and related metabolites and precursors as single- and combination-agents targeted to a single biology. These clinical research insights, in addition to increasing understanding of disease metabolic profiles and combinatorial therapeutic design principles, highlight an opportunity to develop EMM compositions with AAs and related metabolites and precursors to target multifactorial disease biology. EMM compositions are uniquely designed to enable a comprehensive approach, with potential to simultaneously and safely target pathways underlying multifactorial diseases and to regulate biological processes that promote overall health.

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“…Previously, it has been reported that vegetable consumption, especially beta-carotene-rich one, is associated with lower visceral or liver fat content and improved insulin sensitivity [ 40 , 41 ]. It has been proposed that leafy green vegetables, mostly includes spinach and lettuce, have protective effects against NAFLD through prevention of intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) accumulation [ 42 ], hepatic steatosis, and also maintaining blood glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids in normal hematologic ranges [ 43 ]. Furthermore, some evidence supports allium vegetables’ protective effects on NAFLD and other related disorders such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) [ 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinach consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among adults: a case–control study

et al. 2021

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Background Spinach has high antioxidants and polyphenols and showed protective effects against liver diseases in experimental studies. We aimed to assess the association between dietary intake of spinach and odds of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a case–control study among Iranian adults. Methods Totally 225 newly diagnosed NAFLD patients and 450 controls, aged 20–60 years, were recruited in this study. Participants’ dietary intakes were collected using a valid and reliable 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The logistic regression test was used for assessing the association between total, raw, and boiled dietary spinach with the odds of NAFLD. Results The mean (SD) age and BMI of participants (53% male) were 38.1 (8.8) years and 26.8 (4.3) kg/m2, respectively. In the final adjusted model for potential confounders, the odds (95% CI) of NAFLD in individuals in the highest tertile of daily total and raw spinach intake was [0.36 (0.19–0.71), P_trend = 0.001] and [0.47 (0.24–0.89), P_trend = 0.008], respectively compared with those in the lowest tertile. Furthermore, in the adjusted analyses, an inverse association was observed between the highest yearly intake versus no raw spinach consumption and odds of NAFLD [(OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.18–0.96), P for trend = 0.013]. However, there was no significant association between higher boiled spinach intake and odds of NAFLD. Conclusions The present study found an inverse association between total and raw spinach intake with the odds of NAFLD.

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Nutrition and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cited by 49 publications

References 213 publications

Hepatic Steatosis, Rather Than Underlying Obesity, Increases the Risk of Infection and Hospitalization for COVID-19

Hepatic Steatosis, Rather Than Underlying Obesity, Increases the Risk of Infection and Hospitalization for COVID-19

Endogenous Metabolic Modulators: Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Amino Acids

Spinach consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among adults: a case–control study

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