Nutrition affects insect susceptibility to Bt toxins

Deans, Carrie; Behmer, Spencer T.; Tessnow, Ashley E.; Tamez‐Guerra, Patricia; Pusztai-Carey, Marianne; Sword, Gregory A.

doi:10.1038/srep39705

Cited by 52 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…We previously found significant differences in molting rate, weight gain, and survival among the proprietary and WCRMO-1 diets (unpublished data). Research with lepidopteran insects has shown that the toxicity of Bt proteins can vary when protein to carbohydrate ratios are manipulated 38 , 39 . While lepidopteran and coleopteran insects are quite different, we may be able to draw parallels to this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new artificial diet for western corn rootworm larvae is compatible with and detects resistance to all current Bt toxins

Ludwick

Meihls

Huynh

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Insect resistance to transgenic crops is a growing concern for farmers, regulatory agencies, the seed industry, and researchers. Since 2009, instances of field-evolved Bt resistance or cross resistance have been documented for each of the four Bt proteins available for western corn rootworm (WCR), a major insect pest. To characterize resistance, WCR populations causing unexpected damage to Bt maize are evaluated in plant and/or diet toxicity assays. Currently, it is not possible to make direct comparisons of data from different Bt proteins due to differing proprietary artificial diets. Our group has developed a new, publicly available diet (WCRMO-1) with improved nutrition for WCR larvae. For the current manuscript, we tested the compatibility of all Bt proteins currently marketed for WCR on the WCRMO-1 diet and specific proprietary diets corresponding to each toxin using a susceptible colony of WCR. We also tested WCR colonies selected for resistance to each protein to assess the ability of the diet toxicity assay to detect Bt resistance. The WCRMO-1 diet is compatible with each of the proteins and can differentiate resistant colonies from susceptible colonies for each protein. Our diet allows researchers to monitor resistance without the confounding nutritional differences present between diets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new artificial diet for western corn rootworm larvae is compatible with and detects resistance to all current Bt toxins

Ludwick

Meihls

Huynh

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…In the wild, radiation effects may be modified by other environmental stressors 76,77 . This synergistic effect may be widely found in nature; e.g., between nutrition and Bt toxins 78 . In the present study, the Ohara cabbage leaves contained lower radioactivity concentrations of cesium than the Baba cabbage leaves, but significant effects on development were detected only from Ohara.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Developmental and hemocytological effects of ingesting Fukushima’s radiocesium on the cabbage white butterfly Pieris rapae

Taira¹,

Toki²,

Kakinohana³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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High morphological abnormality and mortality rates have been reported in the pale grass blue butterfly, Zizeeria maha , since the Fukushima nuclear accident. However, it remains uncertain if these effects are restricted to this butterfly. Here, we evaluated the effects of ingesting cabbage leaves grown with contaminated soils from Fukushima on the development and hemocytes of the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae . Contaminated cabbage leaves containing various low levels of anthropogenic 134 Cs and 137 Cs radioactivity (less than natural 40 K radioactivity) were fed to larvae from Okinawa, the least contaminated locality in Japan. Negative developmental and morphological effects were detected in the experimental groups. The cesium (but not potassium) radioactivity concentration was negatively correlated with the granulocyte percentage in hemolymph, and the granulocyte percentage was positively correlated with the pupal eclosion rate, the adult achievement rate, and the total normality rate. These results demonstrated that ingesting low-level radiocesium contaminants in Fukushima (but not natural radiopotassium) imposed biologically negative effects on the cabbage white butterfly, as in the pale grass blue butterfly, at both cellular and organismal levels.

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“…It is highlighted that the bioassay protocols of the aforementioned works were different, for example using inoculation by immersion (Carrillo et al, 2015) or aspersion (Castrillo et al, 2011;Carrillo, Crane & Peña, 2013), keeping the insects during the bioassay time only on wet filter paper pieces, without food, which stressed beetles and compromised their immune system (Adamo et al, 2016;Deans et al, 2017). Based on this information, we consider that the bioassay method on avocado's sawdust artificial diet better simulates the interaction of the entomopathogen with the beetle and allows us to determine the effect on their cryptic ecology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection ofBeauveria bassiana(Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strains to controlXyleborus affinis(Curculionidae: Scolytinae) females

Castrejón-Antonio

Tamez‐Guerra

Montesinos-Matías

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an ambrosia beetle reported to affect avocado trees (Persea americana Mill.). The use of the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. for ambrosia beetle control represents an alternative to insecticides. Methods This study was designed in two stages to select B. bassiana strains with potential to control X. affinis females. In the first stage, 19 B. bassiana Mexican strains from EPF collection, isolated from Coleoptera (CHE-CNRCB, http://www.gob.mx/senasica/documentos/coleccion-de-hongos-entomopatogenos), were tested. Analyses included radial growth rate, conidial yield, spore germination, and germ tube length. Results were analysed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify clusters within favourable growth phenotypes. For the second stage, 10 selected strains were re-analysed for virulence-related metabolic characteristic, including cell wall-bound cuticle-degrading enzymes–Pr1-like proteases and β-N-acetyl glucosaminidases (NAGase) chitinases, conidial hydrophobicity and monopolar germination parameters. A second PCA analysis was run for those virulence parameters analysed, and upon results strains CHE-CNRCB 44, 171, 431 and 485 were selected and tested against X. affinis females. Females were treated with a 1 × 108 conidia mL−1 suspension (recommended rate), using a Potter Tower. Results All strains showed insecticidal activity, inducing up to 58% mortality; about 30% dead beetles developed aerial mycelia (CHE-CNRCB 485) and the fastest mortality rate was t0 = 1.95 (CHE-CNRCB 44). Conclusion Since all selected strains showed virulence against X. affinis females, results indicated the possibility of selecting B. bassiana strains based on multiple metabolic attributes, as a preliminary test to perform bioassays against order-related target insects.

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Nutrition affects insect susceptibility to Bt toxins

Cited by 52 publications

References 63 publications

A new artificial diet for western corn rootworm larvae is compatible with and detects resistance to all current Bt toxins

A new artificial diet for western corn rootworm larvae is compatible with and detects resistance to all current Bt toxins

Developmental and hemocytological effects of ingesting Fukushima’s radiocesium on the cabbage white butterfly Pieris rapae

Selection ofBeauveria bassiana(Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strains to controlXyleborus affinis(Curculionidae: Scolytinae) females

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