Nutrient partitioning and fetal growth in rapidly growing adolescent ewes

Wallace, Jean E.; Aitken, Raymond; Cheyne, M A

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.1070183

Cited by 148 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The effects of oversupply of nutrients during mid-pregnancy on foetal development have been less well studied than the effects of undersupply of nutrients. With singleton-bearing adolescent sheep, oversupply of nutrients throughout pregnancy promotes maternal tissue synthesis at the expense of the nutrient requirements of the gravid uterus (Wallace et al, 1996(Wallace et al, , 2001. However, the same group (Wallace et al, 2005), when working with adult sheep, found no differences between the treatment groups in placental or foetal weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Nutritional status of adult ewes during early and mid-pregnancy. 1. Effects of plane of nutrition on ewe reproduction and offspring performance to weaning

Muñoz

Carson

McCoy

et al. 2008

Animal

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of plane of nutrition during early and mid-pregnancy on the performance of mature ewes and their offspring. From day 0 to day 39 post mating (early pregnancy, EP), 82 multiparous ewes were fed to provide either 60% (low, L), 100% (medium, M) or 200% (high, H) of predicted metabolisable energy (ME) requirements for maintenance, following a synchronised mating. From day 40 to day 90 (mid-pregnancy, MP), ewes were provided with either 80% (M) or 140% (H) of ME requirements. After 90 days of gestation, all ewes were fed to meet requirements for late pregnancy. During EP, mean live weight (LW) and body condition score (BCS) change of ewes were 26.3, 20.8 and 16.0 kg and 20.02, 10.10 and 10.22 units in the L-, M-and H-EP treatments, respectively. During MP, mean LW and BCS change were 20.8 and 14.9 kg and 20.09 and 10.09 units in the M-and H-MP treatments, respectively (P , 0.001). Treatments had no effect (P . 0.05) on conception rate, although there tended to be an inverse relationship (P 5 0.085) between plane of nutrition in EP and plasma progesterone concentrations at day 42 of gestation. EP nutrition influenced foetal development with lambs from ewes offered diet L-EP being smaller (P , 0.01) at day 56 than M-or H-EP lambs. However, at parturition L-EP lambs were heavier (P , 0.05) and tended to have higher (P 5 0.056) immunoglobulin status 24 h after birth. Mortality rates at weaning were reduced (P , 0.05) for lambs born from ewes offered diet L-EP compared with M-or H-EP lambs. Diet M during mid-pregnancy resulted in larger (P , 0.05) foetuses at day 80 of gestation. At parturition, these lambs had longer head and crown-rump lengths than H-MP lambs (P , 0.05). Lambs born to ewes offered diet M-MP tended to progress faster to attempting to suckle than H-MP lambs (P 5 0.089). There was an interaction between plane of nutrition in early and mid-pregnancy, whereby the highest number of lambs weaned was a result of diet L-EP followed by diet M-MP. These results indicate that in adult ewes, temporary nutrient restriction during early pregnancy results in better lamb survival; and mild nutrient restriction in mid-pregnancy tends to improve neonatal behaviour and results in lambs with longer skeletal size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Nutritional status of adult ewes during early and mid-pregnancy. 1. Effects of plane of nutrition on ewe reproduction and offspring performance to weaning

Muñoz

Carson

McCoy

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…Severe maternal nutritional restriction may impact more on birth weights of calves of heifers than of cows, particularly among male calves and those of sires with inherently high birth weight of offspring (Hennessy et al, 2002), presumably due to their greater requirements for nutrients compared with female calves and those of sires with inherently low birth weight of offspring. In adolescent sheep fed to attain excessive fatness prior to and during gestation, placental and foetal growth and birth weight are reduced (Wallace et al, 1996 and, although the extent to which over-nutrition of adolescent heifers influences birth weight is not clear.…”

Section: Paritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and pre-weaning growth and nutrition of cattle: long-term consequences for beef production

Greenwood

Café

2007

Animal

150

113

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Severe, chronic growth retardation of cattle early in life reduces growth potential, resulting in smaller animals at any given age. Capacity for long-term compensatory growth diminishes as the age of onset of nutritional restriction resulting in prolonged growth retardation declines. Hence, more extreme intrauterine growth retardation can result in slower growth throughout postnatal life. However, within the limits of beef production systems, neither severely restricted growth in utero nor from birth to weaning influences efficiency of nutrient utilisation later in life. Retail yield from cattle severely restricted in growth during pregnancy or from birth to weaning is reduced compared with cattle well grown early in life, when compared at the same age later in life. However, retail yield and carcass composition of low-and high-birth-weight calves are similar at the same carcass weight. At equivalent carcass weights, cattle grown slowly from birth to weaning have carcasses of similar or leaner composition than those grown rapidly. However, if high energy, concentrate feed is provided following severe growth restriction from birth to weaning, then at equivalent weights post-weaning the slowly-grown, small weaners may be fatter than their well-grown counterparts. Restricted prenatal and pre-weaning nutrition and growth do not adversely affect measures of beef quality. Similarly, bovine myofibre characteristics are little affected in the long term by growth in utero or from birth to weaning. Interactions were not evident between prenatal and pre-weaning growth for subsequent growth, efficiency, carcass, yield and beef-quality characteristics, within our pasture-based production systems. Furthermore, interactions between genotype and nutrition early in life, studied using offspring of Piedmontese and Wagyu sired cattle, were not evident for any growth, efficiency, carcass, yield and beef-quality parameters. We propose that within pasture-based production systems for beef cattle, the plasticity of the carcass tissues, particularly of muscle, allows animals that are growth-retarded early in life to attain normal composition at equivalent weights in the long term, albeit at older ages. However, the quality of nutrition during recovery from early life growth retardation may be important in determining the subsequent composition of young, light-weight cattle relative to their heavier counterparts. Finally, it should be emphasised that long-term consequences of more specific and/or acute environmental influences during specific stages of embryonic, foetal and neonatal calf development remain to be determined. This need for further research extends to consequences of nutrition and growth early in life for reproductive capacity.

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“…This results in the premature delivery of low birth weight lambs following spontaneous delivery close to term (Wallace et al 1996(Wallace et al , 2001(Wallace et al , 2004a. Inadequate placental development is central to these negative outcomes and by late gestation placental mass is typically reduced by 30-40% and is associated with a corresponding reduction in both uterine and umbilical blood flows (Wallace et al 2002a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetoplacental growth and vascular development in overnourished adolescent sheep at day 50, 90 and 130 of gestation

Redmer¹,

Luther²,

Milne³

et al. 2009

Reproduction

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To establish the basis for altered placental development and function previously observed at late gestation, fetoplacental growth and placental vascular development were measured at three stages of gestation in a nutritional paradigm of compromised pregnancy. Singleton pregnancies to a single sire were established and thereafter adolescent ewes were offered an optimal control (C) or a high (H) dietary intake. At day 50, the H group had elevated maternal insulin and amniotic glucose, whereas mass of the fetus and placenta were unaltered. At day 90, the H group exhibited elevated maternal insulin, IGF1 and glucose; fetal weight and glucose concentrations in H were increased relative to C, but placental weight was independent of nutrition. By day 130, total placentome weight in the H group was reduced by 46% and was associated with lower fetal glucose and a 20% reduction in fetal weight. As pregnancy progressed from day 50 to 130, the parameters of vascular development in the maternal and fetal components of the placenta increased. In the fetal cotyledon, high dietary intakes were associated with impaired vascular development at day 50 and an increase in capillary number at day 90. At day 130, all vascular indices were independent of nutrition. Thus, high dietary intakes to promote rapid maternal growth influence capillary development in the fetal portion of the placenta during early to mid-pregnancy and may underlie the subsequent reduction in placental mass and hence fetal nutrient supply observed during the final third of gestation.

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Nutrient partitioning and fetal growth in rapidly growing adolescent ewes

Cited by 148 publications

References 4 publications

Nutritional status of adult ewes during early and mid-pregnancy. 1. Effects of plane of nutrition on ewe reproduction and offspring performance to weaning

Nutritional status of adult ewes during early and mid-pregnancy. 1. Effects of plane of nutrition on ewe reproduction and offspring performance to weaning

Prenatal and pre-weaning growth and nutrition of cattle: long-term consequences for beef production

Fetoplacental growth and vascular development in overnourished adolescent sheep at day 50, 90 and 130 of gestation

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