Nutrient Intake of Children Eating School Breakfast

Friedman, Bruce J.; Hurd-Crixell, Sylvia L

doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00052-8

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Children were considered to consume a low-energy diet if their total daily energy intake was ^50% of the RDA. Because several national studies have shown that children in the USA consume substantially less than the recommended daily amounts of vitamins A, B 6 , B 12 , C, and folate, iron, zinc, and calcium [13], the intake of these 8 micronutrients was assessed from the 24-hour recall and compared with the RDAs. Although other investigators have explored using a cut-off of ^67% of RDA as a standard for low nutrient intake [14], we adopted a somewhat more stringent standard and considered an intake of a particular nutrient as low if the daily nutrient consumption was ^50% of the RDA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have suggested a significant relationship between skipping breakfast and low nutrient intakes in children [6][7][8][9]. In the current study, we assessed the relationship between child nutritional risk status, hunger, participation in a school breakfast program, academic performance, and psychosocial functioning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that failure to eat breakfast or lack of nutritious food for breakfast is common in childhood [6] and may increase the risk of being undernourished. Several studies have suggested a significant relationship between skipping breakfast and low nutrient intakes in children [6][7][8][9].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diet, Breakfast, and Academic Performance in Children

et al. 2002

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Objective: To determine whether nutrient intake and academic and psychosocial functioning improve after the start of a universal-free school breakfast program (USBP). Methods: Information was gathered from 97 inner city students prior to the start of a USBP and again after the program had been in place for 6 months. Students who had total energy intakes of <50% of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) and/or 2 or more micronutrients of <50% of RDA were considered to be at nutritional risk. Results: Prior to the USBP, 33% of all study children were classified as being at nutritional risk. Children who were at nutritional risk had significantly poorer attendance, punctuality, and grades at school, more behavior problems, and were less likely to eat breakfast at school than children who were not at nutritional risk. Six months after the start of the free school breakfast programs, students who decreased their nutritional risk showed significantly greater: improvements in attendance and school breakfast participation, decreases in hunger, and improvements in math grades and behavior than children who did not decrease their nutritional risk. Conclusion: Participation in a school breakfast program enhanced daily nutrient intake and improvements in nutrient intake were associated with significant improvements in student academic performance and psychosocial functioning and decreases in hunger.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Diet, Breakfast, and Academic Performance in Children

et al. 2002

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“…United States, United Kingdom, Sweden) have government or non-government funded school breakfast programmes, which aim to provide a free healthy breakfast to children and thereby improve nutrition and academic outcomes [14-16]. In New Zealand, some school breakfast programmes have been introduced in recent years, although none are official government programmes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a free school breakfast programme on school attendance, achievement, psychosocial function, and nutrition: a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial

et al. 2010

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BackgroundApproximately 55,000 children in New Zealand do not eat breakfast on any given day. Regular breakfast skipping has been associated with poor diets, higher body mass index, and adverse effects on children's behaviour and academic performance. Research suggests that regular breakfast consumption can improve academic performance, nutrition and behaviour. This paper describes the protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial of a free school breakfast programme. The aim of the trial is to determine the effects of the breakfast intervention on school attendance, achievement, psychosocial function, dietary habits and food security.Methods/DesignSixteen primary schools in the North Island of New Zealand will be randomised in a sequential stepped wedge design to a free before-school breakfast programme consisting of non-sugar coated breakfast cereal, milk products, and/or toast and spreads. Four hundred children aged 5-13 years (approximately 25 per school) will be recruited. Data collection will be undertaken once each school term over the 2010 school year (February to December). The primary trial outcome is school attendance, defined as the proportion of students achieving an attendance rate of 95% or higher. Secondary outcomes are academic achievement (literacy, numeracy, self-reported grades), sense of belonging at school, psychosocial function, dietary habits, and food security. A concurrent process evaluation seeks information on parents', schools' and providers' perspectives of the breakfast programme.DiscussionThis randomised controlled trial will provide robust evidence of the effects of a school breakfast programme on students' attendance, achievement and nutrition. Furthermore the study provides an excellent example of the feasibility and value of the stepped wedge trial design in evaluating pragmatic public health intervention programmes.Trial Registration NumberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) - ACTRN12609000854235

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“…While a number of evaluations indicate that the SBP contributes to improved nutrition among programme participants,29 30 few have examined effects on aspects of school performance. A small study (n=133 children) suggested higher rates of participation in the SBP were associated with improved psychosocial and academic functioning 31.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a free school breakfast programme on children's attendance, academic achievement and short-term hunger: results from a stepped-wedge, cluster randomised controlled trial

Mhurchú

Gorton

Turley

et al. 2012

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundFree school breakfast programmes (SBPs) exist in a number of high-income countries, but their effects on educational outcomes have rarely been evaluated in randomised controlled trials.MethodsA 1-year stepped-wedge, cluster randomised controlled trial was undertaken in 14 New Zealand schools in low socioeconomic resource areas. Participants were 424 children, mean age 9±2 years, 53% female. The intervention was a free daily SBP. The primary outcome was children's school attendance. Secondary outcomes were academic achievement, self-reported grades, sense of belonging at school, behaviour, short-term hunger, breakfast habits and food security.ResultsThere was no statistically significant effect of the breakfast programme on children's school attendance. The odds of children achieving an attendance rate <95% was 0.76 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.02) during the intervention phase and 0.93 (95% CI 0.67 to 1.31) during the control phase, giving an OR of 0.81 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.11), p=0.19. There was a significant decrease in children's self-reported short-term hunger during the intervention phase compared with the control phase, demonstrated by an increase of 8.6 units on the Freddy satiety scale (95% CI 3.4 to 13.7, p=0.001). There were no effects of the intervention on any other outcome.ConclusionsA free SBP did not have a significant effect on children's school attendance or academic achievement but had significant positive effects on children's short-term satiety ratings. More frequent programme attendance may be required to influence school attendance and academic achievement.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR)—ACTRN12609000854235.

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Nutrient Intake of Children Eating School Breakfast

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Diet, Breakfast, and Academic Performance in Children

Diet, Breakfast, and Academic Performance in Children

Effects of a free school breakfast programme on school attendance, achievement, psychosocial function, and nutrition: a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial

Effects of a free school breakfast programme on children's attendance, academic achievement and short-term hunger: results from a stepped-wedge, cluster randomised controlled trial

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