Nutraceutical Potential of Tinctures from Fruits, Green Husks, and Leaves ofJuglans regiaL.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the phenolic composition and nutraceutical potential of tinctures from fruits in two stages of maturity (F3, younger; F25, older), green husks (GH), and leaves (L) of Juglans regia L. In all extracts gallic, protocatechuic, 3-caffeoylquinic, 3-ρ-coumaroylquinic, 4-caffeoylquinic, 4-ρ-coumaroylquinic, and ρ-coumaric acids and quercetin-3-O-deoxyhexoside were detected using UPLC-MS technique. Caffeic acid hexoside I and quercetin-3-O-deoxyhexoside I have been identified in GH tincture. The highest ability to chelate Fe2+ was observed for GH tincture (EC50 = 71.01 ± 3.55 mg FM/mL), whereas the lowest was observed (EC50 = 131.06 ± 6.55 mg FM/mL) for F3 tincture. The highest reducing power was found for F3 and F25 (EC50 = 32.47 ± 1.53 and 36.07 ± 1.72 mg FM/mL, resp.). Ability of tinctures to prevent lipids against oxidation was relatively low. The highest activity (EC50 = 126.49 ± 6.32 mg FM/mL) was determined for F25. Tested tinctures showed relatively high antiradical activity—EC50 values ranged from 100.56 ± 5.03 to 129.04 ± 6.45 mg FM/mL for L and F25, respectively. The results obtained suggest that J. regia can be a source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties.

Protective effects of methanolic extract of Juglans regia L. leaf on streptozotocin-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy in rats

“…Carvalho et al documented that Juglans regia L. leaf extract significantly protected AAPH-induced oxidative hemolysis of human erythrocytes in a time- and concentration-dependent manner [ 12 ]. In another study, the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of Juglans regia L. leaves was measured and the highest ability to chelate Fe 2+ , high reducing power, high antiradical activity, and relatively low prevention of lipid oxidation documented [ 37 ]. Results of an in vivo study demonstrated that administration of walnut leaf extract increased the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase against CCI4-induced oxidative damage in rat liver [ 38 ].…”

Hydroethanolic extract of Juglans regia L. green husks: A source of bioactive phytochemicals

“…The phytochemical profile of Juglans regia green husks is quite variable; however, our findings are in good agreement with the most abundant groups of compounds found in literature for Juglans spp. samples such as phenolic acids and flavonoids (Cosmulescu et al, 2010;Gawlik-Dziki et al, 2014;Stampar et al, 2006), as well as tetralone and naphthalene derivatives (Du et al, 2014;Jin-Hai et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2017). As phenolic compounds (e.g.…”

“…In another study, phenolic acids and tetralone derivatives were the main compounds identified in samples collected in China, using spectroscopic analysis (UV-Vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS) (Du et al, 2014). Other authors identified phenolic acids and flavonoids during the characterization performed this time by LC-MS (Gawlik-Dziki et al, 2014).…”

Effect of different ripening stages on walnut kernel quality: antioxidant activities, lipid characterization and antibacterial properties

“…One of the commonly consumed tree nuts includes walnut that belongs to the juglandaceae family. It is one of the oldest grown plants and is distributed worldwide ranking third in nut production after cashews and almonds (Fernandez-Lopez et al 2000).…”