Numerical study on energy harvesting from concentration gradient by reverse electrodialysis in anodic alumina nanopores

Kang, Byeong Dong; Kim, Hyun Jung; Lee, Moon Gu; Kim, Dong-Kwon

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.04.056

Cited by 61 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Energies 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 15 previous studies demonstrate [14,15], isotropic membranes with a small nanopore diameter exhibit excessively high electric resistance and generate a negligible amount of electric current. On the contrary, nanopores with a large diameter cause excessively low ion selectivity, equal cation and anion flow rates, and as a result, no electric current is produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Generation from Concentration Gradient by Reverse Electrodialysis in Anisotropic Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membranes

Lee

Kim

2020

Energies

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In this study, reverse electrodialysis power generation using an anisotropic anodic aluminum oxide membrane with nanopores of two different pore diameters is proposed and experimentally investigated for the first time. A number of experiments were carried out for various combinations of concentrations to show that the anisotropic anodic aluminum oxide membrane is superior to the conventional isotropic membrane. As a result, the highest power density that was measured from the anisotropic membrane was 15.0 mW/m2, and it was 7.2 times higher than that from the isotropic membrane. The reasons why the anisotropic membrane is superior to the isotropic membrane are explained in detail. The experiments on the anisotropic membranes with various active layer lengths and pore diameters were also conducted for exploring the effects of these engineering parameters on the power generation performance. As a result, it was shown that the length of the active layer is a more important engineering parameter than the pore diameter of the active layer. Additionally, it was also shown that a low concentration solution should be brought into contact with the active layer side of the membrane whenever an anisotropic membrane is used for reverse electrodialysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Generation from Concentration Gradient by Reverse Electrodialysis in Anisotropic Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membranes

Lee

Kim

2020

Energies

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“…However, the model can be further simplified when we return to "real" pressures, concentrations, and potentials. The resulting set of equations is u = −L 11 ∂p h ∂x − ωX ∂φ ∂x ,…”

Section: -6mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[56] electrically driven fluid vortices were predicted in microchannels in ampholytic salt solutions. Reference [11] modeled in two dimensions the full problem of transport in a cylindrical pore between two solutions of different salt concentration, while Ref. [80] solved the problem for a conical nanopore in the absence of fluid flow.…”

Section: Analysis Of Fluxes As Function Of R Coordinatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Charged capillary nanopores and nanotubes are essential in many natural and technological systems, as part of porous membranes separating two aqueous electrolytes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Membranes containing charged nanopores can be used for water desalination, selective ion removal, and electrokinetic energy conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of electrolyte transport through charged nanopores

et al. 2016

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We revisit the classical problem of flow of electrolyte solutions through charged capillary nanopores or nanotubes as described by the capillary pore model (also called "space charge" theory). This theory assumes very long and thin pores and uses a one-dimensional flux-force formalism which relates fluxes (electrical current, salt flux, and fluid velocity) and driving forces (difference in electric potential, salt concentration, and pressure). We analyze the general case with overlapping electric double layers in the pore and a nonzero axial salt concentration gradient. The 3×3 matrix relating these quantities exhibits Onsager symmetry and we report a significant new simplification for the diagonal element relating axial salt flux to the gradient in chemical potential. We prove that Onsager symmetry is preserved under changes of variables, which we illustrate by transformation to a different flux-force matrix given by Gross and Osterle [J. Chem. Phys. 49, 228 (1968)]. The capillary pore model is well suited to describe the nonlinear response of charged membranes or nanofluidic devices for electrokinetic energy conversion and water desalination, as long as the transverse ion profiles remain in local quasiequilibrium. As an example, we evaluate electrical power production from a salt concentration difference by reverse electrodialysis, using an efficiency versus power diagram. We show that since the capillary pore model allows for axial gradients in salt concentration, partial loops in current, salt flux, or fluid flow can develop in the pore. Predictions for macroscopic transport properties using a reduced model, where the potential and concentration are assumed to be invariant with radial coordinate ("uniform potential" or "fine capillary pore" model), are close to results of the full model.

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“…Therefore, we can conclude that this layer is a dense silica membrane. The fabricated silica membrane was placed at the center of a two-cell apparatus, a schematic diagram of which is shown in Figure 4 [22,23]. Two Ag/AgCl reference electrodes were fabricated by first coating silver mesh (05-1806-02, 40935, Nilaco Corp., Tokyo, Japan) with Ag/AgCl ink (011464, ALS Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), washing the electrodes sufficiently with water, and leaving them overnight to dry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Generation from Concentration Gradient by Reverse Electrodialysis in Dense Silica Membranes for Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Systems

Lee

Kim

2016

Energies

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Abstract:In this study, we investigate power generation by reverse electrodialysis in a dense silica membrane that is between two NaCl solutions with various combinations of concentrations. Each silica membrane is fabricated by depositing a silica layer on a porous alumina substrate via chemical vapor deposition. The measured potential-current (V-I) characteristics of the silica membrane are used to obtain the transference number, diffusion potential, and electrical resistance. We develop empirical correlations for the transference number and the area-specific resistance, and present the results of power generation by reverse electrodialysis using the fabricated silica membranes. The highest measured power density is 0.98 mW/m 2 . In addition, we develop a contour map of the power density as a function of NaCl concentrations on the basis of the empirical correlations. The contour map shows that a power output density of 1.2 mW/m 2 is achievable with the use of silica membranes and is sufficient to drive nanofluidic and microfluidic systems. The dense silica membrane has the potential for use in micro power generators in nanofluidic and microfluidic systems.

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Numerical study on energy harvesting from concentration gradient by reverse electrodialysis in anodic alumina nanopores

Cited by 61 publications

References 46 publications

Power Generation from Concentration Gradient by Reverse Electrodialysis in Anisotropic Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membranes

Power Generation from Concentration Gradient by Reverse Electrodialysis in Anisotropic Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membranes

Analysis of electrolyte transport through charged nanopores

Power Generation from Concentration Gradient by Reverse Electrodialysis in Dense Silica Membranes for Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Systems

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