Numerical study of tidal dynamics in the South China Sea with adjoint method

Gao, Xiumin; Wei, Zexun; Lv, Xianqing; Wang, Yonggang; Fang, Guohong

doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.05.010

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore, further effort of assimilating the in situ observations into numerical models in the future is worthwhile in providing more accurate knowledge of the tidal systems in the study area. Since the study area is often chosen as an open boundary in simulating tides in the SCS or Indonesian seas (e. g., Fang et al, 1999;Gao et al, 2015) the observational results of this study are expected to be useful in improving model results.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tidal elevation, current, and energy flux in the area between the South China Sea and Java Sea

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The South China Sea (SCS) and the Java Sea (JS) are connected through the Karimata Strait, Gaspar Strait, and the southern Natuna Sea, where the tides are often used as open boundary condition for tidal simulation in the SCS or Indonesian seas. Tides, tidal currents, and tidal energy fluxes of the principle constituents K1, O1, Q1, M2, S2, and N2 at five stations in this area have been analyzed using in situ observational data. The results show that the diurnal tides are the dominant constituents in the entire study area. The constituent K1 has the largest amplitude, exceeding 50 cm, whereas the amplitudes of M2 are smaller than 5 cm at all stations. The amplitudes of S2 may exceed M2 in the Karimata and Gaspar straits. Tidal currents are mostly of rectilinear type in this area. The semi-major axes lengths of the diurnal tidal current ellipses are about 10 cm s−1, and those of the semidiurnal tidal currents are smaller than 5 cm s−1. The diurnal tidal energy flows from the SCS to the JS. The semidiurnal tidal energy flows from the SCS to the JS through the Karimata Strait and the eastern part of the southern Natuna Sea but flows in the opposite direction in the Gaspar Strait and the western part of the southern Natuna Sea. Harmonic analysis of sea level and current observation also suggest that the study area is located in the antinodal band of the diurnal tidal waves, and in the nodal band of the semidiurnal tidal waves. Comparisons show that the existing models are basically consistent with the observational results, but further improvements are necessary.

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Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tidal elevation, current, and energy flux in the area between the South China Sea and Java Sea

et al. 2016

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“…; h is the undisturbed water depth; ζ is the sea surface elevation above the undisturbed sea level; u and v are the velocity components in the east and north, respectively; f is the Coriolis parameter; g is the acceleration due to gravity; k is the BFC; A is the horizontal eddy viscosity coefficient; Δ is the Laplace oper- (Lu & Zhang, 2006;Zhang & Wang, 2014); and  is the adjusted height of equilibrium tide and is calculated following Fang et al (1999) and Gao et al (2015).…”

Section: D Multi-constituent Tidal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Fang et al (2004), M 2 , S 2 , K 1 , and O 1 are the principal tidal constituents in the BYECS, so these four principal tidal constituents (only M 2 or M 2 and K 1 in some of the following sensitivity experiments) were simulated. Following Gao et al (2015), the 2D multi-constituent tidal model was run for 30 days from 1 January 2010 (16 January 2010, in some of the following sensitivity experiments) with the hydrostatic state (i.e., ζ = u = v = 0), and the initial 15 days was spun up, which is sufficient to separate the simulated four principal tidal constituents (Cao et al, 2015). The adjoint model was run for 15 days backward in time from 31 January 2010 (15 February 2010, in some of the subsequent sensitivity experiments).…”

Section: Model Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Bottom Friction Coefficient in Multi‐Constituent Tidal Models Using the Adjoint Method: Temporal Variations and Spatial Distributions

2021

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Dissipation in the bottom boundary layer caused by bottom friction is responsible for the dissipation of over 70% of the global surface tidal energy (Munk & Wunsch, 1998) and has a significant effect on the energy balance of the marine dynamical system (Munk, 1997). Taylor (1920) introduced the quadratic bottom friction formulation as a function of the bottom friction coefficient (BFC) and velocity and estimated the bulk value for BFCs. The value of BFC is critical for accurate simulations of tides, storm surges, circulation, and sediment transport (Fan et al.

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“…Much attention has been paid to reducing the simulation errors in many previous researches and the adjoint assimilation method is an effective method to get optimal control variables [14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. Kuroda and Kishi [21] applied the adjoint assimilation technique in a marine ecosystem model to estimate the biological parameters and choose control variables that impacted simulation results mostly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Spline Interpolation in Simulating the Distribution of Phytoplankton in a Marine NPZD Type Ecosystem Model

Zheng

2019

IJERPH

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The available observations for the model are usually sparse and uneven. The application of interpolation methods help researchers obtain an approximate form of the original data. A marine nutrient, phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus (NPZD) type ecosystem model is applied to simulate the distribution of phytoplankton combined with the spline interpolation (SI) and the Cressman interpolation (CI). In the idealized twin experiments, the performance of these two interpolation methods is validated through the analysis of several quantitative metrics, which show the minor error and high efficiency when using the SI. Namely, the given distributions can be better inverted with the SI. The actual distribution of phytoplankton in the Bohai Sea is interpolated in the practical experiment, where a satisfactory simulation result is obtained by the model with the SI. The model experiments and results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of SI.

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Numerical study of tidal dynamics in the South China Sea with adjoint method

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

Tidal elevation, current, and energy flux in the area between the South China Sea and Java Sea

Tidal elevation, current, and energy flux in the area between the South China Sea and Java Sea

Estimation of Bottom Friction Coefficient in Multi‐Constituent Tidal Models Using the Adjoint Method: Temporal Variations and Spatial Distributions

Application of the Spline Interpolation in Simulating the Distribution of Phytoplankton in a Marine NPZD Type Ecosystem Model

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