Numerical simulation of a low-lying barrier island's morphological response to Hurricane Katrina

Lindemer, Christina; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Puleo, Jack A.; Thompson, David M.; Wamsley, Ty V.

doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2010.06.004

Cited by 88 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…in Italy, Harley and Ciavola, 2013;Poland, Bugajny et al, 2013;Australia, Pender et al, 2014; the UK, Williams et al, 2011). This model has been proven to be capable of predicting storm impacts on morphodynamics of beach/dune systems in numerous case studies (Dissanayake et al, 2014;Souza et al, 2013;Harley and Ciavola, 2013;Splinter and Palmsten, 2012;Harley et al, 2011;Williams et al, 2011;McCall et al, 2010;Lindemer et al, 2010). The success of these previous applications motivated us to use XBeach in the present study, which aims to investigate the effects of wave chronology in a storm cluster on modifying the lower beach profile and therefore the impact of an extreme event on the dune system at Formby Point.…”

Section: Model Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of storm chronology on the morphological changes of the Formby beach and dune system, UK

Dissanayake

Brown

Karunarathna

2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Impacts of storm chronology within a storm cluster on beach/dune erosion are investigated by applying the state-of-the-art numerical model XBeach to the Sefton coast, northwest England. Six temporal storm clusters of different storm chronologies were formulated using three storms observed during the 2013/2014 winter. The storm power values of these three events nearly halve from the first to second event and from the second to third event. Cross-shore profile evolution was simulated in response to the tide, surge and wave forcing during these storms. The model was first calibrated against the available post-storm survey profiles. Cumulative impacts of beach/dune erosion during each storm cluster were simulated by using the post-storm profile of an event as the pre-storm profile for each subsequent event. For the largest event the water levels caused noticeable retreat of the dune toe due to the high water elevation. For the other events the greatest evolution occurs over the bar formations (erosion) and within the corresponding troughs (deposition) of the upper-beach profile. The sequence of events impacting the size of this ridge-runnel feature is important as it consequently changes the resilience of the system to the most extreme event that causes dune retreat. The highest erosion during each single storm event was always observed when that storm initialised the storm cluster. The most severe storm always resulted in the most erosion during each cluster, no matter when it occurred within the chronology, although the erosion volume due to this storm was reduced when it was not the primary event. The greatest cumulative cluster erosion occurred with increasing storm severity; however, the variability in cumulative cluster impact over a beach/dune cross section due to storm chronology is minimal. Initial storm impact can act to enhance or reduce the system resilience to subsequent impact, but overall the cumulative impact is controlled by the magnitude and number of the storms. This model application provides inter-survey information about morphological response to repeated storm impact. This will inform local managers of the potential beach response and dune vulnerability to variable storm configurations.

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Section: Model Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphodynamic prediction of XBeach is sensitive to a number of model parameters (Pender and Karunarathna, 2013;McCall et al, 2010;Lindemer et al, 2010). The sensitivity to parameter settings is known to increase with stepper beach slopes (Vousdoukas et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Model Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of storm chronology on the morphological changes of the Formby beach and dune system, UK

Dissanayake

Brown

Karunarathna

2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Changes in shoreline position are especially pronounced during storms, when high energy waves and storm surge can alter the shoreface of a beach in just days or even hours ( [Miller, 1999;Lindemer et al, 2010;Herrling and Winter, 2014]; and many others). On decadal timescales, long term observations of shoreline changes along barrier islands in the Gulf of Mexico [Morton et al, 1995;Wahl and Plant, 2015] and the Outer Banks of the Carolinas [Moore et al, 2013] suggest that storm events (both waves and storm surge) correlate with the evolution of the coastline, with sea-level rise becoming more important on timescales of centuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many models accurately predict nearshore hydrodynamics during storms, including waves, surge, setup, and, in some cases, overwash ( Lindemer et al, 2010;Dietrich et al, 2011;Mulligan et al, 2015]; and many others). Ideally, these hydrodynamics can be used in numerical simulations to investigate the mechanisms of nearshore sediment transport and predict morphological evolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field observations and numerical model simulations of a migrating inlet system

Hopkins¹

2017

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Waves, currents, and bathymetric change observed along 11 km of the southern shoreline of Martha's Vineyard include storm events, strong tidal flows (> 2 m/s), and an inlet migrating 2.5 km in ~7 years. A field-verified Delft3D numerical model developed for this system is used to examine the hydrodynamics in the nearshore and their effect on the migrating inlet. An initial numerical experiment showed that the observed 70⁰ tidal modulation of wave direction in the nearshore was owing to interactions with tidal currents, and not to depth-induced refraction as waves propagated over complex shallow bathymetry. A second set of simulations focused on the separation of tidal currents from the southeast corner of Martha's Vineyard, showing the positive correlation between flow separation and sediment transport around a curved shoreline. Observations of waves, currents, and bathymetric change during hurricanes were reproduced in a third numerical experiment examining the competition between storm waves, which enhance inlet migration, and strong tidal currents, which scour the inlet and reduce migration rates. The combined field observations and simulations examined here demonstrate the importance of wave and tidal current forcings on morphological evolution at timescales of days to months.

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“…XBeach is an open-source process-based numerical model that has been developed to assess the natural response of sandy coasts during timevarying storm and hurricane events ). The model has been extensively validated for sandy coastlines with series of analytical, laboratory and field test cases McCall et al 2010;Lindemer et al 2010), and offers the required two-dimensionality to study storm impacts of up to a few days of duration, and on coastal regions of alongshore and cross-shore lengths of up to 12 km and 3 km, respectively. The present study is the first application of XBeach to simulate storm response and beach recovery on a macrotidal gravel beach/barrier system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Xbeach to Model Storm Response on a Macrotidal Gravel Barrier

Alegría-Arzaburu

Williams

Masselink

2011

Int. Conf. Coastal. Eng.

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The process-based XBeach numerical model has been used to simulate storm-induced morphological response on a macrotidal gravel barrier located in southwest UK. Using well-established parameterisation to define all relevant hydrodynamic, groundwater and sediment processes, the model was applied in 1D mode to simulate observed storminduced beach profile responses. Investigations showed that the morphological response of the beach was best modelled using a total drag coefficient, CD, of 0.007, and a hydraulic conductivity, K, of 0.05ms -1 . Results obtained from simulations with and without beach groundwater highlighted the need to account for groundwater effects when modelling morphological changes on gravel beaches. The model has been found unable of reproducing the formation of a berm, thus, beach recovery conditions cannot be modelled. This is mainly attributed to the fact that XBeach models long waves rather than individual waves, and thus it cannot simulate individual swash events that contribute to onshore sediment transport and berm accretion. However, the model is shown to provide good estimates of post-storm gravel beach/barrier profiles, and to define the threshold for overwash occurrence. Both attributes have utility in a range of practical coastal engineering and management applications.

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Numerical simulation of a low-lying barrier island's morphological response to Hurricane Katrina

Cited by 88 publications

References 12 publications

Impacts of storm chronology on the morphological changes of the Formby beach and dune system, UK

Impacts of storm chronology on the morphological changes of the Formby beach and dune system, UK

Field observations and numerical model simulations of a migrating inlet system

Application of Xbeach to Model Storm Response on a Macrotidal Gravel Barrier

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