Numerical and Experimental Computation of Airflow in a Transport Container

Cardinale, T.; Fazio, P. De; Grandizio, F.

doi:10.18280/ijht.340426

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Other simulations (e.g. [10,14,15]) have found differences up to 50% for the velocities and between 3 K and 4 K for the temperatures in very similar geometries and measurement setups. This shows the advantage of the used method: By resolving a larger part of the turbulent energy spectrum compared to k-ϵ turbulent models and by spatially resolving the walls heat flux instead of modeling it as constant heat flux boundary conditions, better agreement between measurements and simulation data is achieved.…”

Section: Comparison With Open Door Test Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Reasons for this By considering heat transfer through the walls by particular boundary conditions, Hoang [14] showed good agreement in the temperature distribution in the simulation of a filled cooling room, but found averaged relative errors for the velocity distribution of partly compassing 50 %. Cardinale [15] simulated a transport container with a similar method, assuming a constant heat conduction coefficient for the walls and a constant outside temperature of 20 • C, revealing deviations in the temperature distribution of at least 3 K against measurements at temperature differences of about 43 K. A mean relative error of 26 % and 18 % in the prediction of the velocity and temperature fields, respectively, was achieved in the simulation of a cooled shipping container according to Getahun [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of a lattice Boltzmann method combined with a Smagorinsky turbulence model to spatially resolved heat flux inside a refrigerated vehicle

Gaedtke

Wachter

Rädle

et al. 2018

Computers & Mathematics with Applications

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a b s t r a c tIn this work the simulation of velocity and temperature distributions inside a refrigerated vehicle is evaluated. For this purpose a 3D double distribution lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision operator is coupled by the buoyancy force calculated with the Boussinesq approximation. This LBM is extended by a Smagorinsky subgrid method, which numerically stabilizes the BGK scheme for low resolutions and high Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers. Besides validation against the two benchmark cases porous plate and natural convection in a square cavity evaluated at resolutions of y + ≈ 2 for Ra numbers between 10 3 and 10 10 , the method and its implementation are tested via comparison with experimental data for a refrigerated vehicle at Re ≈ 53 000.The aim of the investigation is to provide a deeper understanding of the refrigerated vehicle's insulation processes including its thermal performance under turbulent flow conditions. Therefore, we extend this method by the half lattice division scheme for conjugate heat transfer to simulate in the geometry of a refrigerated vehicle including its insulation walls. This newly developed method combination enables us to accurately predict velocity and temperature distributions inside the cooled loading area, while spatially resolving the heat flux through the insulation walls. We simulate the time dependent heating process of the open door test and validate against measurements at four characteristic velocity and 13 temperature positions in the truck. (M. Gaedtke). are complex material requirements which, in addition to the insulation, include static stability, load securing as well as resistance against vibrational stress.According to Smale [2] most simulations and models for the representation of a velocity and temperature distribution in the field of applied cooling of geometries between 1974 and 2006 have shown low accuracy and large deviations from experimental data. Tabsoba et al. [3] studied the influence of the k-ϵ turbulence model against the Reynolds stress model, where they indicated the k-ϵ model to fail at the prediction of certain flow characteristics in ventilated enclosures. Ambaw [4] summarized studies on the cooling of harvested food, indicating some progress being made between 2006 and 2013 with the accuracy of the models. With simulations mainly based on Reynolds averaging turbulence models as the k-ϵ or shear stress transport (SST) model [5][6][7][8], he also came to the conclusion, that a clear increase in the accuracy of turbulent 3D simulations within complex cooled geometries compared with experimental data has still to come.According to James [9] first simulations of the open door tests have been carried out by Tso et al. [10]. Tso's simulated temperatures deviate from experimental recordings by up to 4 K at a temperature difference of about 26 K. Son [11] showed an approximation to the validation data up to 1.13 K in the simulation of the velocity and temperature distribution in the interior of a filled...

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Section: Comparison With Open Door Test Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a lattice Boltzmann method combined with a Smagorinsky turbulence model to spatially resolved heat flux inside a refrigerated vehicle

Gaedtke

Wachter

Rädle

et al. 2018

Computers & Mathematics with Applications

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show abstract

“…The governing equations of incompressible turbulent flow in the cloud chamber are continuity and the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. [22][23][24] 3 | RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced aerosol deposition by a low‐cost compact nanosecond‐pulsed plasma system

Liu

2021

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Nanosecond (ns)-pulsed air plasmas are promising for environmental and biomedical applications. This paper presented a low-cost ns-pulsed plasma system that consists of a two-stage Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier, a spark gap gas switch, and a plasma reactor. This ns power supply generated a uniform air plasma with a volume of 25 × 25 × 2 cm and a maximum ion wind of 0.8 m/s. The ion wind transported aerosols through plasma volume. Aerosols were charged

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“…For example, studies of CFD characteristics in relation to refrigerated systems include research on a reduced-scale trailer loaded with palletized cargo [3,4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Cardinale et al [21,22] conducted a numerical and experimental analysis of convective flows within an intermodal container to verify the uniformity of cold distribution. They also compared the results of the numerical analysis with the experimental data acquired during the simulation to validate the implemented model.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Characteristics of Refrigerated Trailers and Improvement of Airflow for Preserving Perishable Foods

Yildiz

2019

Logistics

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When preserving perishable goods, maintaining a constant temperature over the cold supply chain is essential. Therefore, refrigerated vehicles are an important part of the cold supply chain system. However, many traditional refrigerated cargo systems are not designed to support the homogeneity of the temperature inside cargo trailers. Indeed, refrigerating equipment is usually placed on one side of transportation systems as this is considered to be more practical. Such a configuration thus leads to significant temperature differences in the two distinct parts of a refrigerated cargo trailer, which might affect the quality, safety, and shelf life of perishable foods. This research aims to improve the temperature distribution of refrigerated trailers. In this study, it is highlighted that in the most commonly used traditional refrigerated trailer models, lower air velocity and higher product temperature are observed at the rear. There is also a partial product chilling risk at the front of the refrigerated trailer. This study investigates and reports significant differences among the three airflow design models of refrigerated cargo systems by applying turbulence flow, heat, and mass transfer models. The analyses of these three models reveal that significant improvement could be achieved by applying the proper arrangements of inlets on the ceiling of the trailer body.

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Numerical and Experimental Computation of Airflow in a Transport Container

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Application of a lattice Boltzmann method combined with a Smagorinsky turbulence model to spatially resolved heat flux inside a refrigerated vehicle

Application of a lattice Boltzmann method combined with a Smagorinsky turbulence model to spatially resolved heat flux inside a refrigerated vehicle

Enhanced aerosol deposition by a low‐cost compact nanosecond‐pulsed plasma system

CFD Characteristics of Refrigerated Trailers and Improvement of Airflow for Preserving Perishable Foods

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