Nuclear Reformation at the End of Mitosis

Animal cells undergo dramatic changes in shape, mechanics and polarity as they progress through the different stages of cell division. These changes begin at mitotic entry, with cell-substrate adhesion remodelling, assembly of a cortical actomyosin network and osmotic swelling, which together enable cells to adopt a near spherical form even when growing in a crowded tissue environment. These shape changes, which probably aid spindle assembly and positioning, are then reversed at mitotic exit to restore the interphase cell morphology. Here, we discuss the dynamics, regulation and function of these processes, and how cell shape changes and sister chromatid segregation are coupled to ensure that the daughter cells generated through division receive their fair inheritance.

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“…77) the same is not true of actin remodel ling. In fact, the mitotic cortical actin network must not be disassembled at mitotic exit.…”

Section: Assembly and Positioning Of The Actomyosin Ringmentioning

confidence: 98%

Coupling changes in cell shape to chromosome segregation

Ramkumar

Baum

2016

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol

124

132

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“…NE reformation is very fast, and most of chromosome surface is covered by the membrane within 2–4 min . Although nuclear membranes have been thought to be supplied by lateral expansion of ER after initial attachment to the chromatin surface (Fig. , lateral expansion model), the new EM data make it equally possible that multiple layers of ER sheets are stacked on top of each other on the chromosome surface during telophase (Fig.…”

Section: Postmitotic Ne and Npc Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of nuclear pore complex assembly – two different ways of building one molecular machine

2017

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The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates all macromolecular transport across the nuclear envelope. In higher eukaryotes that have an open mitosis, NPCs assemble at two points in the cell cycle: during nuclear assembly in late mitosis and during nuclear growth in interphase. How the NPC, the largest nonpolymeric protein complex in eukaryotic cells, self‐assembles inside cells remained unclear. Recent studies have started to uncover the assembly process, and evidence has been accumulating that postmitotic and interphase NPC assembly use fundamentally different mechanisms; the duration, structural intermediates, and regulation by molecular players are different and different types of membrane deformation are involved. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of these two modes of NPC assembly and discuss the structural and regulatory steps that might drive the assembly processes. We furthermore integrate understanding of NPC assembly with the mechanisms for rapid nuclear growth in embryos and, finally, speculate on the evolutionary origin of the NPC implied by the presence of two distinct assembly mechanisms.

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“…Accurate segregation of chromosomes is fulfilled by two complementary mechanisms: chromosome-to-pole movements and elongation of the mitotic spindles (Brust-Mascher and Scholey, 2011;Brust-Mascher et al, 2015). Finally, the nuclear envelope is reformed around chromatin and the cytoplasm is partitioned to form two daughter cells during cytokinesis (Schellhaus et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms of kinesin-14 motors in spindle assembly and chromosome segregation

She

Yang

2017

Journal of Cell Science

103

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During eukaryote cell division, molecular motors are crucial regulators of microtubule organization, spindle assembly, chromosome segregation and intracellular transport. The kinesin-14 motors are evolutionarily conserved minus-end-directed kinesin motors that occur in diverse organisms from simple yeasts to higher eukaryotes. Members of the kinesin-14 motor family can bind to, crosslink or slide microtubules and, thus, regulate microtubule organization and spindle assembly. In this Commentary, we present the common subthemes that have emerged from studies of the molecular kinetics and mechanics of kinesin-14 motors, particularly with regard to their non-processive movement, their ability to crosslink microtubules and interact with the minus-and plusends of microtubules, and with microtubule-organizing center proteins. In particular, counteracting forces between minus-enddirected kinesin-14 and plus-end-directed kinesin-5 motors have recently been implicated in the regulation of microtubule nucleation. We also discuss recent progress in our current understanding of the multiple and fundamental functions that kinesin-14 motors family members have in important aspects of cell division, including the spindle pole, spindle organization and chromosome segregation.

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Nuclear Reformation at the End of Mitosis

Cited by 74 publications

References 229 publications

Coupling changes in cell shape to chromosome segregation

Coupling changes in cell shape to chromosome segregation

Mechanisms of nuclear pore complex assembly – two different ways of building one molecular machine

Molecular mechanisms of kinesin-14 motors in spindle assembly and chromosome segregation

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